Eyilwe ngu-Todd Brady kunye noStephen H. Miller, i-CDTC ebandayo eyenziwe (CFSF) (eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-gauge yokukhanya") isakhelo ekuqaleni yayiyenye indlela yomthi, kodwa emva kwamashumi eminyaka yomsebenzi onobudlova, ekugqibeleni yadlala indima yayo. Njengomthi ogqitywe ngumchweli, iipali zentsimbi kunye neengoma zinokusikwa kwaye zidityaniswe ukudala iimilo ezinzima ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, kude kube mva nje akukabikho mgangatho wokwenyani wamacandelo okanye iikhompawundi. Umngxuma ngamnye orhabaxa okanye enye into ekhethekileyo yolwakhiwo kufuneka ichazwe ngokweNjineli yeRekhodi (EOR). Iikontraka azisoloko zilandela ezi nkcukacha zingqale kwiprojekthi, kwaye “zinokwenza izinto ngokwahlukileyo” ixesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kukho ukungafani okuphawulekayo kumgangatho wendibano yentsimi.
Ekugqibeleni, ukuqhelana kubangela ukungoneliseki, kwaye ukunganeliseki kukhuthaza inguqulelo. Amalungu amatsha okuqulunqa (ngaphaya komgangatho we-C-Studs kunye ne-U-Tracks) awafumaneki kuphela ngokusebenzisa ubuchule bokubunjwa obuphezulu, kodwa banokuphinda baqulunqwe kwangaphambili / bavunywe kwangaphambili kwiimfuno ezithile zokuphucula inqanaba le-CFSF ngokubhekiselele kuyilo kunye nokwakhiwa. .
Izinto ezisemgangathweni, ezakhelwe injongo ezihambelana neenkcukacha zingenza imisebenzi emininzi ngendlela ehambelanayo, ukubonelela ngentsebenzo engcono kunye nethembekileyo. Benza lula iinkcukacha kwaye banike isisombululo ekulula ukuba iikontraka zifake ngokuchanekileyo. Bakwakhawulezisa ukwakhiwa kunye nokwenza lula ukuhlola, ukonga ixesha kunye nobunzima. Ezi zixhobo zisemgangathweni zikwaphucula ukhuseleko lwendawo yokusebenza ngokunciphisa ukusika, ukuhlanganisa, i-screwdriving kunye neendleko ze-welding.
Ukusebenza okusemgangathweni ngaphandle kwemigangatho yeCFSF ibe yinxalenye eyamkelweyo yembonakalo-mhlaba ukuba kunzima ukucinga ulwakhiwo lwezindlu zokuhlala okanye eziphakamileyo ngaphandle kwayo. Oku kwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwaphunyezwa ngexesha elifutshane ngokwentelekiso yaye akuzange kusetyenziswe ngokubanzi de kwasekupheleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
Umgangatho wokuqala woyilo weCFSF wapapashwa ngo-1946 yi-American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI). Inguqulelo yamva nje, i-AISI S 200-07 (iMgangatho weMntla waseMelika weCold Formed Steel Framing - Jikelele), ngoku isemgangathweni eCanada, eU.SA naseMexico.
Umgangatho osisiseko wenza umahluko omkhulu kwaye iCFSF yaba yindlela yokwakha edumileyo, nokuba babenomthwalo okanye abathwali. Izibonelelo zayo ziquka:
Njengokutsha njengomgangatho we-AISI, awukhowudi yonke into. Abaqulunqi kunye neekontraka kusekuninzi ekufuneka bekwenzile.
Inkqubo ye-CFSF isekwe kwizikhonkwane kunye neereyile. Izithuba zentsimbi, njengezithuba zokhuni, zizinto ezithe nkqo. Ngokuqhelekileyo benza i-C-shaped cross-section, kunye "phezulu" kunye "nezantsi" ye-C eyenza umlinganiselo omncinci we-stud (i-flange yayo). Izikhokelo zizinto zesakhelo ezithe tyaba (imida kunye neelinteli), ezinokwakheka kuka-U ukulungiselela iiracks. Ubukhulu beRakhi buqhele ukufana nemithi ebizwa ngokuba yi-“2×”: 41 x 89 mm (1 5/8 x 3 ½ intshi) yi “2 x 4″ kunye ne-41 x 140 mm (1 5/8 x 5). ½ intshi) ilingana “2×6″. Kule mizekelo, ubukhulu be-41 mm bubizwa ngokuba "kwi-shelf" kunye ne-89 mm okanye i-140 mm i-dimension ibizwa ngokuba yi "web", iikhonsepthi zokuboleka eziqhelekileyo kwintsimbi eshushu eshushu kunye namalungu afana ne-I-beam. Ubungakanani bomzila buhambelana nobubanzi obupheleleyo be-stud.
Ukuza kuthi ga kutsha nje, izinto ezomeleleyo ezifunwa yiprojekthi kwafuneka zichazwe yi-EOR kwaye zidityaniswe kwisiza kusetyenziswa indibaniselwano ye-combo studs kunye neereyili, kunye ne-C- kunye ne-U-shaped elements. Ulungelelwaniso oluchanekileyo ludla ngokubonelelwa kwikontraka kwaye nakwiprojekthi enye inokwahluka kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, amashumi eminyaka yamava e-CFSF ikhokelele ekuqatshelweni kwemida yezi ndlela zisisiseko kunye neengxaki ezinxulumene nazo.
Umzekelo, amanzi anokuthi aqokelele kumzila ongezantsi wodonga lwe-stud xa i-stud ivuliwe ngexesha lokwakhiwa. Ubukho be-sawdust, iphepha, okanye ezinye izinto eziphilayo zinokubangela ukungunda okanye ezinye iingxaki ezinxulumene nokufuma, kubandakanywa ukuwohloka kwe-drywall okanye ukutsala izinambuzane emva kweecingo. Ingxaki efanayo inokwenzeka ukuba amanzi angena kwiindonga ezigqityiweyo kwaye aqokelele ukusuka kwi-condensation, ukuvuza, okanye ukuchitheka.
Esinye isisombululo yindlela ekhethekileyo yokuhamba enemingxuma egrunjiweyo yokukhupha amanzi. Uyilo oluphuculweyo lwe-stud lukwaphuhliswa. Babonisa iimpawu ezintsha ezifana neimbambo ezibekwe ngobuchule eziguqukayo kwicandelo elinqamlezayo ukwenzela ukuba lukhuni okongeziweyo. I-textured surface ye-stud ikhusela i-screw "ekuhambeni", okubangela ukudibanisa okucocekileyo kunye nokugqiba okufanayo. Olu phuculo luncinci, luphindaphindwe ngamashumi amawaka e-spikes, lunokuba nempembelelo enkulu kwiprojekthi.
Ukuya ngaphaya kwezikhonkwane kunye neereyile Iintsimbi zesiNtu kunye neereyili zihlala zanele iindonga ezingenamingxunya erhabaxa. Imithwalo ingabandakanya ubunzima bodonga ngokwalo, ukugqiba kunye nezixhobo ezikuyo, ubunzima bomoya, kunye neendonga ezithile zibandakanya imithwalo esisigxina kunye neyexeshana ukusuka eluphahleni okanye umgangatho ongentla. Le mithwalo ihanjiswa ukusuka kumzila ophezulu ukuya kwiikholomu, ukuya kwi-rail ephantsi, kwaye ukusuka apho ukuya kwisiseko okanye ezinye iindawo ze-superstructure (umz. idekhi yekhonkrithi okanye iikholamu zentsimbi kunye nemiqadi).
Ukuba kukho i-rough opening (RO) eludongeni (njengomnyango, ifestile, okanye umbhobho omkhulu we-HVAC), umthwalo ovela ngentla kwendawo yokuvula kufuneka udluliselwe ngeenxa zonke kuyo. I-lintel kufuneka ibe yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuxhasa umthwalo ovela kwelinye okanye ngaphezulu okubizwa ngokuba yi-studs (kunye ne-drywall eqhotyoshelweyo) ngaphezu kwe-lintel kwaye idlulisele kwi-jamb studs (amalungu angama-RO).
Ngokunjalo, iipali zomnyango kufuneka ziyilwe ukuba zithwale umthwalo omkhulu kunezo ziqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, kwizithuba zangaphakathi, indawo yokuvula kufuneka yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuxhasa ubunzima bodonga oluphezu kwendawo yokuvula (okt, 29 kg/m2 [6 lbs per square foot] [umaleko omnye we-16 mm (5/8 intshi) iyure yodonga.) icala ngalinye lodaka] okanye i-54 kg/m2 [iiponti ezili-11 kwisikwere sonyawo] kudonga lwesakhiwo lweeyure ezimbini [iidyasi ezimbini zodaka oluyi-16 mm kwicala ngalinye]), kunye nomthwalo wenyikima yaye ngokuqhelekileyo ubunzima bomhlaba. umnyango kunye nokusebenza kwayo okungaphakathi. Kwiindawo zangaphandle, ukuvuleka kufuneka kukwazi ukumelana nomoya, inyikima kunye nemithwalo efanayo.
Kuyilo lwesiqhelo lwe-CFSF, iiheader kunye nezithuba ze-sill zenziwe kwisiza ngokudibanisa ii-slats eziqhelekileyo kunye neereyili zibe yiyunithi eyomeleleyo. I-reverse osmosis manifold, eyaziwa ngokuba yikhasethi manifold, yenziwa ngokukrukra kunye/okanye ngokudibanisa amaqhekeza amahlanu kunye. Izithuba ezibini zijikelezwe ngamanyathelo amabini, kwaye umzila wesithathu unamathele phezulu kunye nomngxuma ojongene nokubeka isithuba ngaphezu komngxuma (Umfanekiso 1). Olunye uhlobo lwebhokisi oluhlangeneyo lunamacandelo amane kuphela: izikhonkwane ezimbini kunye nezikhokelo ezimbini. Enye iqulethwe ngamacandelo amathathu - iingoma ezimbini kunye ne-hairpin. Iindlela zokuvelisa ezichanekileyo kula macandelo azifani, kodwa ziyahluka phakathi kweekontraka kunye nabasebenzi.
Nangona imveliso edibeneyo inokubangela iingxaki ezininzi, izibonakalise kakuhle kwishishini. Iindleko zesigaba sobunjineli zaziphezulu kuba kwakungekho migangatho, ngoko ke ukuvuleka okurhabaxa kwakufuneka kuyilwe kwaye kugqitywe ngamnye. Ukusika kunye nokudibanisa la macandelo anzima kakhulu kwisiza nako kongeza kwiindleko, inkunkuma yemathiriyeli, kwandisa inkunkuma yesayithi, kwaye kwandisa ingozi yokhuseleko lwesayithi. Ukongeza, idala imiba esemgangathweni kunye nokungaguquguquki apho abaqulunqi beengcali kufuneka baxhalabele ngakumbi. Oku kuthanda ukunciphisa ukuhambelana, umgangatho, kunye nokuthembeka kwesakhelo, kwaye kunokuchaphazela umgangatho wokugqitywa kwe-drywall. (Jonga “uQhagamshelwano olubi” ngemizekelo yezi ngxaki.)
Iisistim zoqhagamshelo Ukuqhoboshela uqhagamshelo lweemodyuli kwiiracks nako kunokubangela iingxaki zobuhle. Isinyithi ukuya kwintsimbi yokudibana okubangelwa ziithebhu kwi-modular manifold inokuchaphazela ukugqitywa kodonga. Akukho ludonga lwangaphakathi lwedrywall okanye lwangaphandle kufuneka lulale tyaba kwiphepha lentsimbi apho iintloko zescrew ziphuma khona. Imiphezulu eludongeni ephakanyisiweyo inokubangela ukugqitywa okungalinganiyo okubonakalayo kwaye kufuna umsebenzi owongezelelweyo wokulungisa ukuwafihla.
Esinye isisombululo kwingxaki yokudibanisa kukusebenzisa i-clamps esele zenziwe, zibophe kwizithuba ze-jamb kwaye zilungelelanise amajoyina. Le ndlela ilungelelanisa uxhulumaniso kunye nokuphelisa ukungahambelani okubangelwa kukwenziwa kwendawo. I-clamp isusa i-metal overlap kunye ne-protruding screw heads eludongeni, ukuphucula ukugqitywa kodonga. Inokucutha iindleko zomsebenzi wofakelo ngesiqingatha. Ngaphambili, omnye umsebenzi bekufuneka abambe inqanaba leheader ngelixa omnye eyijija endaweni yakhe. Kwinkqubo yekliphu, umsebenzi ufaka iikliphu kwaye emva koko acofe izihlanganisi kwiikliphu. Esi sigqubuthelo siqhele ukwenziwa njengenxalenye yenkqubo yokufaka esele yenziwe.
Isizathu sokwenza ii-manifolds ezivela kwiinqununu ezininzi zetsimbi egobileyo kukubonelela ngento enamandla kunengoma enye yokuxhasa udonga ngaphezu kokuvula. Ekubeni ukugoba kuqinisa isinyithi ukuthintela ukulwa, ngokufanelekileyo ukwenza i-microbeams kwindiza enkulu yento, umphumo ofanayo unokufumaneka ngokusebenzisa intsimbi enye egobileyo.
Lo mgaqo kulula ukuyiqonda ngokubamba iphepha ngezandla ezolulelwe kancinci. Okokuqala, iphepha ligoqa embindini kwaye lityibilike. Noko ke, ukuba igoqwe kanye ngobude bayo ize ivulwe (ukuze iphepha lenze umjelo omilise okwe-V), akulula ukugoba nokuwa. Okukhona usenza ukugotywa, kokukhona kuya kuba nzima (ngaphakathi kwemida ethile).
Ubuchwephesha bokugoba kaninzi busebenzisa esi siphumo ngokongeza imijelo eqokelelweyo, itshaneli, kunye neelophu kwimilo iyonke. "Ubalo lwamandla ngokuthe ngqo" - indlela entsha yokuhlalutya encediswa yikhompyutheni - ithathe indawo yendabuko "Ukubalwa koBubanzi obuFanelekileyo" kwaye ivumele iimilo ezilula ukuba ziguqulwe zibe zilungelelaniso ezifanelekileyo, ezisebenzayo ukufumana iziphumo ezingcono kwintsimbi. Lo mkhwa unokubonwa kwiinkqubo ezininzi zeCFSF. Ezi iimilo, ngakumbi xa usebenzisa intsimbi eyomeleleyo (390 MPa (57 psi) endaweni yomgangatho wangaphambili woshishino we-250 MPa (36 psi)), inokuphucula ukusebenza ngokubanzi kwento ngaphandle kokuthotyelwa kobukhulu, ubunzima, okanye ubukhulu. ibe. kubekho utshintsho.
Kwimeko yentsimbi eyenziwe ngokubanda, enye into ingena. Ukusebenza okubandayo kwentsimbi, njengokugoba, kutshintsha iipropati zentsimbi ngokwayo. Amandla esivuno kunye namandla okuqina kwenxalenye ecutshungulweyo yokwanda kwentsimbi, kodwa i-ductility iyancipha. Amalungu asebenza kakhulu afumana kakhulu. Ukuqhubela phambili ekwenzeni umqulu kubangele ukugoba okuqinileyo, oku kuthetha ukuba intsimbi esondeleyo kumphetho ogobileyo ifuna umsebenzi omningi kunenkqubo yokudala umqulu omdala. Ukugoba okukhulu kunye nokuqiniswa, intsimbi engaphezulu kwi-element iya kuqiniswa ngokusebenza okubandayo, ukwandisa amandla apheleleyo ento.
Iingoma eziqhelekileyo ze-U zineentambo ezimbini, i-C-studs ine-bends ezine. I-W manifold eguqulelwe kwangaphambili ine-14 yokugoba elungiselelwe ukunyusa ubuninzi bentsimbi esebenzayo yokumelana noxinzelelo. Isiqwenga esisodwa kolu qwalaselo lunokuba lucango lonke lwesakhelo ekuvulekeni okurhabaxa kwesakhelo socango.
Kwimingxuma ebanzi kakhulu (okt ngaphezu kwe-2 m [7 ft]) okanye imithwalo ephezulu, ipoligoni inokomelezwa ngakumbi ngofakelo olufanelekileyo olunobume buka-W. Yongeza isinyithi esingaphezulu kunye nokugoba kwe-14, kuzisa inani elipheleleyo lokugoba kwimilo yonke ukuya kuma-28. Ufakelo lufakwe ngaphakathi kwipolygon kunye nee-Ws eziguqulweyo ukuze ii-W ezimbini kunye zenze i-X-shape erhabaxa. Imilenze kaW isebenza njengemivalo enqamlezileyo. Bafakela i-studs engekhoyo phezu kwe-RO, eyayibanjwe kunye nezikrufu. Oku kusebenza nokuba ufakelo lokuqinisa lufakiwe na.
Iinzuzo eziphambili zale nkqubo yentloko / ikliphu esele yenziwe ngaphambili isantya, ukuhambelana kunye nokuphuculwa kokugqiba. Ngokukhetha inkqubo ye-lintel eqinisekisiweyo eqinisekisiweyo, njengaleyo ivunywe yi-International Code of Practice Committee Evaluation Service (ICC-ES), abayili banokuchaza amacandelo asekelwe kumthwalo kunye nohlobo lodonga lweemfuno zokukhusela umlilo, kwaye bagweme ukuyila kunye neenkcukacha zomsebenzi ngamnye. , ukonga ixesha nobuncwane. (ICC-ES, iNkonzo yoVavanyo lweKomiti yeeKhowudi zaMazwe ngaMazwe, evunywe liBhunga leMigangatho yaseKhanada [SCC]). Le prefabrication iqinisekisa ukuba ukuvuleka okungaboniyo kwakhiwe njengoko kuyiliwe, kunye nesandi esihambelanayo sesakhiwo kunye nomgangatho, ngaphandle kokutenxa ngenxa yokusikwa kunye nokudibanisa kwisiza.
Ukungaguquguquki kofakelo kwakhona kuphuculwe njengoko iiclamps zinemingxuma esele igrunjwe ngaphambili, okwenza kube lula ukubala kunye nokubeka amajoyinti ngejamb studs. Ukuphelisa ukugqithwa kwesinyithi kwiindonga, iphucula i-drywall surface flatness kunye nokuthintela ukungalingani.
Ukongezelela, iinkqubo ezinjalo zineenzuzo zokusingqongileyo. Xa kuthelekiswa namacandelo adibeneyo, ukusetyenziswa kwensimbi ye-manifolds enye kungancitshiswa ukuya kuma-40%. Ekubeni oku akufuni ukuwelda, ukukhutshwa kweegesi eziyityhefu ezihamba kunye kuyapheliswa.
I-Wide Flange Studs Izikhonkwane zemveli zenziwa ngokudibanisa (i-screwing kunye / okanye i-welding) ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu. Nangona benamandla, banokuzenzela ezabo iingxaki. Zilula kakhulu ukudibanisa phambi kofakelo, ngakumbi xa kuziwa kwi-soldering. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuthintela ukufikelela kwicandelo le-stud elincanyathiselwe kwi-Hollow Metal Frame (HMF) umnyango.
Esinye isisombululo kukusika umngxuma kwenye yezinto eziphakamileyo ukuze unamathele kwifreyimu ukusuka ngaphakathi kwindibano ethe tye. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunokwenza ukuhlolwa kube nzima kwaye kufuna umsebenzi owongezelelweyo. Abahloli baye baziwa ngokunyanzelisa ukuncamathisela i-HMF kwisiqingatha se-doorjamb stud kwaye bayihlole, emva koko badibanise isiqingatha sesibini se-double stud assembly endaweni. Oku kumisa wonke umsebenzi ngasemnyango, kunokulibazisa omnye umsebenzi, kwaye kufuna ukukhuselwa komlilo okwandisiweyo ngenxa ye-welding kwisiza.
Izikhonkwane zamagxa abanzi esezilungisiwe (ezenziwe ngokukodwa njengezikhonkwane zejamb) zingasetyenziswa endaweni yezitya ezipakishweyo, okonga ixesha elibalulekileyo kunye nemathiriyeli. Imiba yokufikelela ehambelana nomnyango we-HMF nayo isonjululwe njengoko icala le-C elivulekileyo livumela ukufikelela okungaphazanyiswa kunye nokuhlola okulula. Ubume be-C obuvulekileyo bukwabonelela ngokugquma okugcweleyo apho iilinteli ezidityanisiweyo kunye neepali zejamb zikholisa ukwenza umsantsa we-102 ukuya kwi-152 mm (ii-intshi ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-6) ekugqumeni ngasemnyango.
Uqhagamshelo phezulu eludongeni Enye indawo yoyilo eye yaxhamla kwizinto ezintsha kuqhagamshelo oluphezulu eludongeni ukuya kumgangatho ophezulu. Umgama ukusuka komnye umgangatho ukuya komnye unokwahluka kancinane ngokuhamba kwexesha ngenxa yokwahluka kokuphambuka kwedesika phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zokulayisha. Kwiindonga ezingathwali mthwalo, kufuneka kubekho umsantsa phakathi komphezulu we-studs kunye nepaneli, oku kuvumela ukuba i-deck ihambe phantsi ngaphandle kokutyumza i-studs. Iqonga kufuneka kwakhona likwazi ukunyuka ngaphandle kokuqhawula izikhonkwane. Ukucocwa ubuncinane yi-12.5 mm (½ in.), nto leyo esisiqingatha setotali yokunyamezela ukuhamba kwe-±12.5 mm.
Izisombululo ezibini zemveli zilawula. Enye kukuncamathisela umzila omde (50 okanye 60 mm (2 okanye 2.5 in)) kumgangatho, kunye neengcebiso ezifakwe ngokulula kumzila, zingakhuselekanga. Ukuthintela i-studs ukuba ingajiki kwaye ilahlekelwe yixabiso lesakhiwo, isiqwenga somjelo opholileyo obandayo sifakwe kumngxuma kwi-stud kumgama we-150 mm (ii-intshi ezi-6) ukusuka phezulu eludongeni. inkqubo yokutya Le nkqubo ayidumanga kwiikontraka. Kwiinzame zokunciphisa iikona, ezinye iikontraka zisenokude zishiye ijelo eliqengqelekayo elibandayo ngokubeka izikhonkwane kwiintsimbi ngaphandle kokuzibamba okanye ukuzilinganisa. Oku kuphula uMsebenzi oMgangatho we-ASTM C 754 wokuFakela aMalungu okuFakela iNsimbi ukuze kuveliswe iiMveliso ze-Threaded Drywall, ezichaza ukuba ii-studs kufuneka zifakwe kwiireyili ngezikrufu. Ukuba oku kuphambuka kuyilo alubhaqwanga, kuya kuchaphazela umgangatho wodonga olugqityiweyo.
Esinye isisombululo esisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuyilo lweengoma ezimbini. Umzila osemgangathweni ubekwe phezu kwee-studs kwaye i-stud nganye ifakwe kuyo. Ingoma yesibini, eyenziwe ngokwezifiso, ebanzi ibekwe ngaphezulu kweyokuqala kwaye iqhagamshelwe kumgangatho ophezulu. Iingoma eziqhelekileyo zinokutyibilika phezulu nasezantsi ngaphakathi kweengoma eziqhelekileyo.
Izisombululo ezininzi ziye zaphuhliswa kulo msebenzi, zonke ezibandakanya amacandelo akhethekileyo abonelela ngoqhagamshelo olufakiweyo. Iiyantlukwano ziquka uhlobo lwengoma efakwe okanye uhlobo lwekliphu edibeneyo esetyenziselwa ukuncamathisela umkhondo kwidekhi. Umzekelo, khusela isiporo esifakwe ngaphantsi kwedekhi usebenzisa indlela yokuqinisa efanelekileyo kwizinto ezithile zomgangatho. Izikrufu ezifakiweyo zincanyathiselwe kumphezulu we-studs (ngokwe-ASTM C 754) evumela uqhagamshelo ukuba luhambe phezulu lusehla ngaphakathi malunga ne-25 mm (i-intshi eyi-1).
Kwi-firewall, ezo ziqhagamshelo ezidadayo kufuneka zikhuselwe emlilweni. Ngaphantsi kwe-grooved steel stack ezaliswe ngekhonkrithi, izinto ezithintela umlilo kufuneka zikwazi ukuzalisa indawo engalinganiyo ngaphantsi kwe-groove kwaye igcine umsebenzi wayo wokulwa nomlilo njengoko umgama phakathi komphezulu wodonga kunye nokutshintsha kwedekhi. Amacandelo asetyenzisiweyo kulo mdibaniso avavanywe ngokuhambelana ne-ASTM E 2837-11 entsha (iNdlela yoVavanyo oluMiselweyo lokuQinisekisa ukuchasana koMlilo kwiiNkqubo eziDityanisiweyo zeNtloko eziDityanisiweyo eziFakelwe phakathi kweZixhobo eziNcinciweyo zoDonga kunye neeNgxelo eziNqabileyo ezingaBalwanga). Umgangatho usekelwe kwi-Underwriters Laboratories (UL) 2079, "Uvavanyo loMlilo kwiiNkqubo zokuQhagamshela kweZakhiwo".
Inzuzo yokusebenzisa uxhulumaniso oluzinikeleyo phezulu eludongeni kukuba lunokubandakanya iindibano ezisemgangathweni, ezivunyiweyo zekhowudi, ezinomlilo. Ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo kukubeka i-refractory kumgangatho kwaye uxhonywe ii-intshi ezimbalwa ngaphezulu kweendonga macala omabini. Kanye njengokuba udonga lunokutyibilika lunyuke luhle ngokukhululekileyo kwindawo yomlilo, luyakwazi ukutyibilika lunyuke luhle ludibanise nomlilo. Izinto eziphathekayo zeli candelo zingabandakanya uboya bamaminerali, i-cemented structural steel refractory, okanye i-drywall, esetyenziswe yodwa okanye ngokudibeneyo. Iinkqubo ezinjalo kufuneka zivavanywe, zivunywe kwaye zidweliswe kwiikhathalogu ezifana ne-Underwriters Laboratories yaseCanada (ULC).
Ukuqukumbela Ukumiselwa komgangatho sisiseko salo lonke ulwakhiwo lwale mihla. Okuphoxayo kukuba, kukho umgangatho omncinci “woqheliselo oluqhelekileyo” xa kufikwa kubume bentsimbi obubandayo, kwaye izinto ezintsha ezaphula ezo zithethe zikwangabakhi bemigangatho.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezi nkqubo zisemgangathweni kunokukhusela abayili kunye nabanini, konga ixesha elibalulekileyo kunye nemali, kwaye kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lwesiza. Zizisa ukuhambelana kulwakhiwo kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba zisebenze njengoko kucetywayo kuneenkqubo ezakhiweyo. Ngokudityaniswa kokukhanya, uzinzo kunye nokufikeleleka, iCFSF kusenokwenzeka ukuba yandise isabelo sayo semalike yokwakha, ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ikhuthaza ukuvela ngokutsha.
Todd Brady is President of Brady Construction Innovations and inventor of the ProX manifold roughing system and the Slp-Trk wall cap solution. He is a metal beam specialist with 30 years of experience in the field and contract work. Brady can be contacted by email: bradyinnovations@gmail.com.
UStephen H. Miller, i-CDT ngumbhali ophumelele ibhaso kunye nomfoti okhethekileyo kushishino lokwakha. Ungumlawuli wokudala weChusid Associates, inkampani yokubonisana ebonelela ngeenkonzo zokuthengisa kunye nezobugcisa kubavelisi bemveliso yokwakha. UMiller unokuqhagamshelwa apha www.chusid.com.
Jonga ibhokisi engezantsi ukuze uqinisekise umnqweno wakho wokuqukwa kunxibelelwano lwe-imeyile olwahlukeneyo oluvela kwiMedia ye-Kenilworth (kubandakanywa ne-e-newsletters, imiba yemagazini yedijithali, uphando lwamaxesha athile kunye nonikezelo* kubunjineli noshishino lokwakha).
*Asithengisi idilesi ye-imeyile yakho kubantu besithathu, sithumela izibonelelo zabo kuwe. Ewe kunjalo, uhlala unelungelo lokuzikhupha kulo naluphi na unxibelelwano esikuthumela lona ukuba utshintsha ingqondo yakho kwixesha elizayo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-07-2023