Isixeko sasesiqithini esigcwele imali kunye ne-ego engenakho ukukhetha ngaphandle kokunyuka. kwaye phezulu. kwaye phezulu. Yiba nomfanekiso wesibhakabhaka saseManhattan sihamba kancinci, siqala malunga ne-1890-xa iNew York Peace Tower yaya phezulu ngaphezulu kwe-284-foot spire ye-Trinity Church-kwaye yafikelela kuvuthondaba namhlanje: luthotho oluqhubekayo lwezinto ezifezekisiweyo zasezulwini, i-duel entsha enebhongo idlula okokugqibela.
Mhlawumbi inkoliso yale mbali yayiqhutywa lukhuphiswano oluqatha—umzekelo, idabi eliqatha lesihloko sesakhiwo esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni phakathi kweChrysler Building kunye neManhattan Bank Trust Building (40 Wall Street), apho uChrysler waphumelela ngomda omangalisayo. . imajini Beat edabini: A spire eyakhiwe ngokufihlakeleyo yongezwa ngomzuzu wokugqibela, ukutyhala irekhodi ukuphakama New York ukuya 1,046 iinyawo ezixabisekileyo 11 iinyanga phambi kokuba Empire State Building yafikelela phezulu. Kodwa imbali yoyilo yesixeko ayinakuncitshiswa ibe ngumatshini womdlalo. Ezinye izinto ziyenzeka. IManhattan yakhiwe ngenxa yokuba yayingakwazi ukukhula kwaye yayingakwazi ukuhlala. Abo bahlali banako ukwenza oku baya kuzama ukunyuka induli.
Ngoku siphila kwixesha elahlukileyo lokunyuka. Kukho izakhiwo ze-21 kwisixeko ezinophahla olungaphezulu kweenyawo ze-800, ezisixhenxe kuzo zakhiwe kwiminyaka eyi-15 edlulileyo (kwaye ezintathu zazo zakhiwa kwiinyanga ezingama-36 ezidlulileyo). Kule New York ikhethekileyo, siphonononga ichwebakazi elinomphakamo ophakamileyo obekwe phezu kwe-21 megastructures. Ummandla wayo uphelele malunga ne-34 yezigidi zeenyawo kwaye ibandakanya iindawo zokuhlala ezitofotofo, indawo yokusebenza eqaqambileyo (ngexesha nasemva kokwakhiwa), ii-hangouts eziphezulu. Ngokubonwayo, amava alo mphakamo mtsha ahluka kumava angaphambili apho iintolo ziphakanyiswe ukuya kuma-400, 500, okanye 600 iinyawo. Kumphakamo weemitha ezingama-800 nangaphezulu, kukho into engaqhelekanga kwisixeko esineepavumente ezinukayo kunye nezitrato ezixineneyo ezilindileyo, zishukuma ngobuvila kwaye zingxamile - uhlobo lokurhoxa kwe-alpine. Wonke umntu waseNew York uyazi ukuba yeyiphi imfihlo eyonwabisayo enokufunyanwa phakathi kwezihlwele ezingaziwayo ezitratweni. Yenye into: imvakalelo erhabaxa yokuzahlula ebangelwa kukufikelela kwindawo yokubona engabonakali ngathi ifanele iliso lomntu.
Kwiminyaka elishumi ukususela ngoku, iimbono eziveliswe kula maphepha alandelayo zinokubonakala zingaqhelekanga kwaye zingaphelelanga. Kodwa namhlanje banikela amagqabantshintshi anqabileyo eendawo ezintsha ezinqabileyo zesixeko esibhakabhakeni. UJack Silverstein ♦
UAlicia Mattson, osebenza encotsheni yeWorld Trade Center 1, uthelekisa amava angaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-800 “nokuba kwibhola enkulu yekhephu. Yonke into izolile.” Isikhitshane emlanjeni Nyana. “Ujolisa kwizinto ezifana nokuhamba ngesikhephe,” utshilo. “Awuziva ngathi usedolophini ngokwenene.” Kule ndawo iphakamileyo, ingxolo yobomi besixeko iyanyamalala kunye neenkcukacha ezisondeleyo. Imbono ayicacanga. Iimoto nabahambi ngeenyawo esitratweni babonakala berhubuluza.
"Ngaba ubuya kuzisola ukuba elinye lamachaphaza liyekile ukuhamba ngonaphakade?" ubuza uHarry Lime kwivili likaFerris kwi-Third Man.
Iofisi kaJimmy Park ikwakumgangatho wama-85, kwaye ngexesha lakhe lokuphumla uthanda ukunyuka iintaba, ngamanye amazwi, “Ujongela phantsi into engekhoyo kwaye uziva ngathi usemde umgama ekufuneka uwuhambile. hamba ukusuka apho ufuna khona ukuba ufuna ukhuseleko. Ukubona ukude kukwayinto yonyango. Kwenzeka kwinqwelomoya, ezintabeni, elunxwemeni. Ndizakuhlangana nomxhasi omtsha kwaye sizakube sijonge efestileni kwaye sonwabele oku kuthe cwaka.
Uhlabela mgama esithi: “Kufana “nempembelelo yembono” oosomajukujuku abavakalelwa ngayo neyayiphembelela yonke intshukumo yokusingqongileyo. Uyazi ukuba umncinci kangakanani kwaye ungakanani umhlaba. "
ITestamente eNdala ivakalisa ukuba yonke intlambo kufuneka inyuswe kwaye zonke iinduli mazithotywe, ngokuhambelana neengcinga zakudala zomlinganiselo kunye nokulinganisa. Ngenkulungwane ye-18, uloyiko, uloyiko, nemincili eyayigcinelwe uThixo ngaphambili yajika yaba ziziganeko zejoloji njengeentaba namava okoyisa iincopho. UKant wayibiza ngokuba "intle kakhulu." Ngenkulungwane ye-19, kunye nokuphuhliswa kobugcisa obutsha kunye nezixeko, indalo yayichasene nendalo yomntu. I-sublime ifikeleleka ngokunyuka ukuya phezulu kwizakhiwo ezide.
Ngalo moya, uRichard Morris Hunt wayila iNew York Tribune Building, eyagqitywa ngo-1875, ene-260-foot-bell tower eyayikhuphisana ne-spire ye-Trinity Church njengesona sakhiwo side esixekweni. Ikota yekhulu emva koko, i-Daniel Burnham's 285-foot-Flatiron Building yamisela isiseko esitsha somde kunye nobhityileyo, ngokukhawuleza sakhuphisana ne-700-foot MetLife Tower ejongene neMadison Square Park. ecaleni kweSakhiwo saseWoolworth uCass Gilbert, 1913, 792 ft.
Ngaphantsi kweminyaka engama-20 kamva, isibhakabhaka saseNew York safumana isiseko saso sikaPlato kwiChrysler kunye ne-Empire State Building. I-Empire State Building's 204-foot mooring mast, engazange ibambe, ilingana norhwebo lweTrinity College's spire. Njengoko uEB White ebhala, imbonakalo yesixeko “injengelizwe kanye oko kufana noobhokobhoko becawa abamhlophe emaphandleni—imiqondiso ebonakalayo yolangazelelo nokholo, iintsiba ezimhlophe ezilathe indlela ephezulu.”
Isibhakabhaka saseNew York esinenduli siye saba ngumfanekiso weso sixeko, umfanekiso weposikhadi we-American Age kunye nomfanekiso bhanyabhanya weklasikhi, i-silhouette yayo ebonisa okwenzeka ngezantsi. Uluvo lukaMhlophe lusekwe kubomi besitrato obudlamkileyo, indlela iinqaba ezidibana ngayo nepavumente kunye nomphetho. Izixeko ezinamabhongo kumashumi eminyaka akutshanje zakhe izakhiwo ezinde kunesiXeko saseNew York kodwa azizange zitshintshe ngokupheleleyo iManhattan, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba isibhakabhaka sisemva kokufudukela kwabantu ezidolophini, ukuba asithathwanga kwindawo ephithizelayo.
Kwisiqingatha senkulungwane eyadlulayo, eManhattan, ubume bamiselwa bubumelwane obubodwa, hayi ukuphakama nje: indlu ephantsi yomgangatho wama-20 ePark Avenue isabonisa eyona piramidi yentlalontle. Ngelo xesha, ukuphakama okunesiyezi ngokwenene njengeenyawo ze-800 yayizizakhiwo zorhwebo, kungekhona izakhiwo zokuhlala. Iinkampani zeSkyscrapers zibhengeza iinkampani. Ngobude obunjalo, iindleko eziphezulu zokwakha azikwazi ukuhlawulwa ngamagumbi odwa.
Oku kuye kwatshintsha kuphela kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo okanye kunjalo, xa amagumbi kwizakhiwo zodidi olufana ne-15 Central Park West kanye axabisa i-$3,000 okanye ngaphezulu ngonyawo lwesikwere. Ngequbuliso, iprojekti emde kakhulu, ecekethekileyo kakhulu ye-57th Street ene slab yomgangatho enkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibe yiflethi okanye ezimbini kwaye ifuna izinyusi ezimbalwa kakhulu ukuba zithathe indawo kunesakhiwo sorhwebo iya kuba yingxaki kubaphuhlisi abandlongondlongo. inenzuzo. Abayili bezakhiwo abadumileyo babebandakanyekile. Njengoko uCarol Willis, umlawuli osungula iMyuziyam yaseSkyscraper e-Lower Manhattan, uthanda ukutsho, ifom ilandela imali.
Ukuphakama kwatshintsha ngesiquphe indawo yobumelwane njengophawu lobume, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba imimiselo yocando yalathisa izakhiwo eziphakamileyo kwiindawo zesixeko ezingathintelwanga kangako ekusetyenzisweni kwazo njenge-57th Street, ekwabonelela ngamathuba okwenza imali kwiCentral Park, ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokuba yayijoliswe eMzantsi Asia. oosomashishini bobhedu kunye nee-oligarchs zaseRussia zinenkuthazo encinci yokuhlala ezindlini zabo. Abafuni bamelwane kakade. Bafuna izimvo. Abaphuhlisi babhengeza izakhiwo njengeendawo zelizwe, apho amathuba okudibana nomntu ongengomsebenzi wesakhiwo akanamsebenzi, kwaye indawo yabo yokutyela ingabantu-kuphela, ngoko nokutya ngaphandle akuyomfuneko. ngokwenene uyaphuma.
Abantu abaninzi baseNew York, ababenganelisekanga kukuthotywa kwerhafu kwabo banamandla nabanamandla kwezi zakhiwo ziphakamileyo, babezicingela besebenza kwizithunzi ezinde nezingacacanga ezibekwe kwezo nqaba zintsha. Kodwa izithunzi ecaleni, oko akuyonyani ngokupheleleyo kwizakhiwo ezide kakhulu. Abanye basenokungabuthandi ubungakanani babo, kodwa amagumbi ambalwa kwiindawo ezininzi ezingahlaliyo kufutshane neMidtown okanye iWall Street ayingonobangela wokwenziwa kwe-gentrification kunye nokufuduswa. Kunokubakho intwana yokubukulwa kwabemi bamanye amazwe kwinto echasene nephezulu. Ngokuqinisekileyo, baninzi abazizityebi baseTshayina, amaNdiya nama-Arabhu abathi, njengabangaphambili bawo abangamaYuda, bakhetha ukujonga phantsi kwiibhodi zentsebenziswano zase-Upper East Side xa bejongene nenkqubo yokuqinisekisa engenakwenzeka.
Nokuba kunjalo, i-57th Street ngoku yaziwa ngokuba yiBillionaire Street kwaye ubutyebi bufikelele kwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Inkqubela phambili kwitekhnoloji ye-skyscraper inento eninzi yokwenza nale nto. UWilliam F. Baker, oncedise ekuyileni iBurj Khalifa yaseDubai, eyona nqaba inde ehlabathini eziimitha ezingama-2,717, kutshanje uchaze ubunjineli obusemva kobomi obungaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-800. Iinjineli, ekudala zicinga ukuba zingawagcina njani ama-skyscrapers ukuba angawi, ziya zigxila ngakumbi kwingxaki enzima: ukwenza abantu abangaphakathi bazive bekhuselekile, utshilo. Lo ngumsebenzi onzima kuba izakhiwo ezide kakhulu nezicekethekileyo ziyilelwe ukugoba kunokuba zophuke njengamaphiko enqwelo-moya. Abantu abaqhelekileyo banenkxalabo malunga nezinto ezenziwa kwizakhiwo ezide kwakudala ngaphambi kokuba nantoni na isongele ukhuseleko lwabo. Ukutyhala okuncinci okuthatha lula emotweni okanye kuloliwe kunokubangela ukothuka kwemigangatho eyi-100 phezulu, nangona ukhuselekile kwisakhiwo kunasemotweni.
Iinzame ezimangalisayo ziyenziwa ngoku ukunciphisa ezi ziphumo. Iinqaba zanamhlanje ezibhityileyo kakhulu zixhotyiswe ngezinto ezichaseneyo ezintsonkothileyo, iidampers kunye nezinye izixhobo ezishukumayo, kunye neelevator eziphakamisa abantu abangaphakathi emoyeni, kodwa hayi ngokukhawuleza kangangokuba uve nayiphi na i-g-force ephazamisayo. Isantya esimalunga neemitha ezingama-30 ngomzuzwana sibonakala ngathi sesona santya sifanelekileyo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba iinqaba ezitofotofo zinokutyhalelwa emdeni—hayi ngenxa yokuba singenako ukuyila izakhiwo ezimayile ukuya phezulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba abaqeshi abacebileyo abayi kuyinyamezela into yokuba imizuzu. ukuya kwisakhiwo Izinyusi ezingena ngaphakathi ziqhubela phezulu ukuya kumagumbi apho iindleko zonyaka zeRiphabhliki yasePalau zihlawulwa.
Iimfuno zobunjineli ezikhethekileyo kuthiwa zichaza inxalenye ebalulekileyo yeendleko ze-ultra-tall condominiums ezifana ne-432 Park Avenue, okwangoku esona sakhiwo siphakamileyo sekhondom eMidtown Manhattan nesinye sezona zibiza kakhulu. Umphandle wayo ngumnatha wekhonkrithi kunye neglasi, njengeSol LeWitt ekhutshiweyo okanye ivazi ebanzi kaJosef Hoffmann (okanye umnwe ophakathi ophakanyisiweyo, kuxhomekeke kwimbono yakho). Izivalo ezinkulu eziphindwe kabini kufuphi nophahla, ubungakanani be-injini ye-locomotive - kunye nokuqhayisa okumangalisayo kweembono eziphindwe kabini zobude besixeko - zisebenza njengezithinteli zomothuko, zibonelela nge-ballast kunye nokuthintela i-chandeliers ekukhaleni kunye neeglasi ze-champagne eziwela ngaphezulu.
Ukuba iPetronas Towers kunye ne-Empire State Building bezikhe zaba ngumda weManhattan osemantla-emazantsi, iipali zesibhakabhaka sesixeko, iindawo zekhampasi ngoku ziquka i-1 World Trade, 432 Park, kunye ne-One57 iibhloko ezimbalwa ngasentshona. Le yokugqibela, inamagophe ayo angalunganga kunye neefestile ezinemibala, ikhokelela ukusuka kumbindi wedolophu yaseManhattan ukuya eLas Vegas okanye eShanghai. Malunga nomgama omalunga nekhilomitha, isakhiwo esikhulu sebhodi yebhodi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Hudson Yards sigrogrisa ngokuba yi-mini-Singapore ye-West End.
Kodwa incasa kunzima ukuba isemthethweni. Xa iChrysler Building yagqitywayo, yamkelwa ngoloyiko ngabagxeki yaza emva koko yanconywa njengeplani yezakhiwo eziphakamileyo, njengoko iiglasi zala maxesha kunye neenqaba zentsimbi zayilungisa ngokutsha isibhakabhaka emva kwemfazwe yaza yavusa ingqumbo entsha. Xa sijonga emva, sinokubona ukuba iimpawu zomhlaba ze-1950s ezifana ne-Gordon Bunshaft's Lever House e-SOM kunye nesakhiwo se-Seagram sika-Mies van der Rohe zazintle kwaye zihonjiswe njengayo nayiphi na enye into e-United States, nangona kumashumi eminyaka alandelayo zatshintsha. ivelise izigidi zokulinganisa uyilo loyilo olungcolisa iManhattan kwaye ifihla ubukrelekrele beyokuqala. Yayilixesha lemfuduko yabamhlophe kunye nokugcwala kweedolophu, xa uRoland Barthes wachaza iNew York njengesixeko esime nkqo, “abantu abangekhoyo ekuqokelelenina,” kunye neendawo ezibizwa ngokuba ziipaki zaseMelika, ezidla ngokunyeliswa ngokungekho sikweni ngeengqungquthela. iindawo ezingamahlwempu, ezininzi ezingaphandle kwesixeko, zalahlwa. Esona sakhiwo sibi kwesi sixeko sikwi-375 Pearl Street, ekudala saziwa ngokuba yiVerizon Tower, sisilo esikhulu esingenafestile esathi gqolo phezu kweBhulorho yaseBrooklyn. Yakhiwa nguMinoru Yamasaki ngo-1976, kanye emva kweTwin Towers, kwaye abantu baseNew York babebathanda okanye babathiyile - de abaninzi bababona ngokwahlukileyo, kwaye kungekhona nje ngenxa yoko kwenzekayo. 11 Septemba. Ekuseni nangokuhlwa, iikona zeenqaba eziqingqiweyo zifunxa ukukhanya kwelanga, zenza iiribhoni eziorenji nezesilivere zidada emoyeni. Ngoku i-1 World Trade ivukile eluthuthwini. Ii-skyscrapers zakudala zanamhlanje zibuyele kwifashoni. Ukungcamla, njengesibhakabhaka saseNew York, kuhlala kungumsebenzi ongapheliyo.
Kwizakhiwo ezitsha, ndithanda i-432, eyilwe nguRafael Viñoly, kunye ne-jumble efundwayo ye-56 Leonard, edolophini (i-Herzog & de Meuron ngabakhi bezakhiwo). Kwizakhiwo ezitsha, ndithanda i-432, eyilwe nguRafael Viñoly, kunye ne-jumble efundwayo ye-56 Leonard, edolophini (i-Herzog & de Meuron ngabakhi bezakhiwo). Изв ххххх раефьс Нешинаы из 56 леонна и в в Орода (ар рриетееторы i-herzog & de meuron). Kwizakhiwo ezitsha, ndiyayithanda i-432 kaRafael Vignoli kunye ne-hodgepodge ecacileyo kaLeonard ye-56 kumbindi wedolophu (abakhi bezakhiwo uHerzog & de Meuron). Из новостроек мне нравятся 432, спроектированные Рафаэлем Виньоли, и 56 Леонардов в центре города (архитектор Herzog & de Meuron). Kwizakhiwo ezitsha, ndiyathanda i-432, eyilwe nguRafael Vignoli, kunye ne-56 Leonards kumbindi wedolophu (umyili wezakhiwo uHerzog & de Meuron).Ziyilwe ngendlela entsonkothileyo ukuhombisa isibhakabhaka. Abanye abaphakamayo, abanje nge-53 West 53rd Jean Nouvel, ecaleni kweMyuziyam yoBugcisa beMihla, kunye ne-111 57th Street, eyilwe yi-SHoP Architects, ithembisa ukunceda ukubuyisela isikali kwiimbono zakudala. Ezi nqaba ziibhokisi ezilungele ukuhamba eziye zathatha indawo yezi zakhiwo kangangamashumi eminyaka.
Abanye basenoloyiko lokuba kukho intaphane yamabhotwe ezihandiba kweso sixeko. Bangakwazi ukuthuthuzela kwinto yokuba i-ultra-tall phenomenon yayingumdlalo wezihlalo zemali. Imithetho emitsha yobumbano ejolise ekulweni iinkampani ezithengisa amaqokobhe kunye nokuthutyeleziswa kwemali ngoku ifuna ukuba abathengi bemali yezindlu zodidi bachaze amagama okwenene abanini bazo. Kuyavela ukuba malunga nesiqingatha sokuthengwa kwezindlu ezithengiswayo eManhattan kuhlawulwa ngemali, kwaye isithathu sayo yonke into ethengiweyo yamagumbi amatsha kumbindi wedolophu ngabathengi bamanye amazwe. Idityaniswe nokuhla kwamaxabiso eoli kunye nokuguquguquka kwamaxabiso e-yuan, imithetho emitsha ibonakala inefuthe. Okwangoku, i-800+ ye-foot condominium market iyaqhubeka nokuhla. Ezinye izakhiwo ezide kakhulu kwibhodi yokuzoba zinokulibaziseka.
Abaphathi beshishini abasazifuni izakhiwo ezitsha zeshishini. Bafaneleke ngakumbi kwimillennials abakhetha izakhiwo ezihlaziyiweyo, ubomi besitrato kunye neendawo zokusebenza. Umyili wezakhiwo uBjarke Ingels kutshanje uyile iinqaba ezininzi eNew York ezinamathafa amakhulu anyukayo athatha ulonwabo lwesitrato emoyeni.
“Umkhwa kukudala iindawo ezivaliweyo ezineefestile ezisezantsi ukuya kwisilingi ukuze ufakwe ebhokisini,” utshilo u-Ingels. “Indawo evulekileyo ibikade ithathwa njengenkathazo engazange ichaphazele ixabiso lesakhiwo, kodwa ndicinga ukuba iyatshintsha. Ndiyaqala ukuva abantu abakwishishini lokurenta besithi bafuna iindawo ezivulekileyo. Oku kukwizindlu zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo. ” “Ngoko. Ndicinga ukuba ikamva leenyawo ezingama-800 limalunga nokunxibelelana nehlabathi langaphandle kunokubaleka kulo. ”
Ingayiyo. INew York inomoya kakhulu kwaye iyabanda. Kangangeminyaka, umakazi wam waqesha igumbi lestudiyo elikumgangatho ophantsi kumgangatho we-16 wesakhiwo eGreenwich Village, enepatio ejonge iWashington Square Park kunye neManhattan esezantsi, nangona uninzi lweembono zisezantsi. izakhiwo ezinde, uphahla lwetela emnyama kunye nokubaleka komlilo. Icanopy yecanvas eluhlaza kunye nemhlophe etshiswe lilanga inokutyhilwa ukwenza umthunzi kwithasi. Esitratweni kwavakala amazwi namaxilongo emoto. Amanzi emvula atshiza kumgangatho weterracotta. Entlakohlaza, kubethwa impepho emlanjeni. Xa ndiseNew York, ndiziva ndingoyena mntu wonwabileyo eNew York, phezulu nasembindini wesixeko.
Ibala elimnandi lomntu wonke lahlukile. Ndimi kwi-Window 1 World Trade kwi-1000 yeenyawo kunye ne-Jimmy Park. Wayezixabisa iimbono zaseBrooklyn naseQueens. Ngokuthe ngqo ezantsi kwethu kukho uphahla lwe-7 World Trade, inqaba yeofisi yeglasi ekufuphi ne-743-foot eyakhiwe ngobuchule nguDavid Childs, ngokuthe ngqo ngaphantsi kwethu. Sinokuqonda kuphela ubuchwephesha. Umfo omi apho unokuba yingongoma kaHarry Lime.
Ndambuza uParker ukuba ucinga ukuba mde kangakanani na. Waziphulula ibunzi. Wathi khange ayicinge ncam loo nto. ♦
UMichael Kimmelman ngumgxeki woyilo lweNew York Times. Ukupapashwa kwakhe kokugqibela kwiphephancwadi kwakumalunga namachibi afihlakeleyo aseManhattan kunye nezitiya.
UMatthew Pillsbury ngumfoti. Umsebenzi wakhe uya kuboniswa kwiGalari yeBen Ruby eNew York kwi-2017.
Yayisaziwa ngokuba yiFreedom Tower, sesona sakhiwo siphakamileyo kwiNtshona yeHemisphere kwaye inezona zinyusi zikhawulezayo. I-elevator ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu ihamba ngeekhilomitha ezingama-22 ngeyure kwaye iphakama ukusuka phantsi ukuya kumgangatho we-100 ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana engama-60.
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithathu emva kwe-9/11, amakhulu abasebenzi basePort Authority baba ngabakhweli bokuqala ukubuyela emsebenzini kwisiza.
Isakhiwo sokuqala esakhiwe “esingundoqo kuqala” kumbindi wedolophu yaseNew York, apho umbindi wekhonkrithi wesakhiwo, ogcina izinyusi, izinyuko, oomatshini kunye neenkqubo zemibhobho yamanzi, wakhiwe phambi kophahla lwentsimbi lwangaphandle. iimanyano zabasebenzi kwisixeko Ukwala iimetallurgists.
“Izakhiwo ezininzi azinabuntu,” utshilo uRobert AM Stern, umyili weyona condominium inde kwidolophu yaseNew York. “Awufuni ukuya kumhla wesibini kunye nabo. Kodwa usenokuba neemvakalelo zothando ngesakhiwo sethu.”
Zombini esi sakhiwo kunye neChrysler Building zibanga ukuba sesona sakhiwo side ehlabathini, kwaye zombini zisakhiwa. Yakuba yaziwa ngokuba yi-40 Wall Street, yahlala isithuba esingaphantsi kwenyanga de kongezwa i-spire kwi-Chrysler Building. Ngaphantsi konyaka kamva boyiswa yi-Empire State Building.
Inkampani ye-inshurensi i-American International Group yasishiya isakhiwo se-Art Deco ngo-2009 kwaye ngoku iguqulela kwi-600 yezigidi zeehotele kunye nezindlu ezirentwayo.
Xa sigqityiwe, isakhiwo esasifudula sisaziwa ngokuba yi-1 Chase Manhattan Plaza yayisesona sakhiwo sikhulu seofisi yezorhwebo kwikota yenkulungwane, esona sakhiwo sikhulu sebhanki esinophahla olunye esakha sakhiwa, kwaye esokuqala kwisiXeko saseNew York ukusebenzisa i-“1 Chase” isakhiwo. , , Plaza” njengedilesi yeshishini.
Ebizwa ngokuba yiJenga Tower emva koyilo ngabayili bePritzker abaphumelele iBhaso uJacques Herzog kunye noPierre de Meuron, imigangatho yesakhiwo esine-cantilevered yandisa kuzo zonke iindlela ukusuka kwi-axis yayo ephakathi.
Xa umyili wezakhiwo uFrank Gehry wayesitya isidlo sasemini kunye nomakhi wezindlu uBruce Ratner, uRatner wambuza, "Ufuna ukwakha ntoni eNew York?" UGehry uzobe uyilo loyilo kwinapkeni.
I-spire yesakhiwo se-Art Deco yenzelwe njenge-moring mast kunye nophahla lwayo yi-warehouse ye-zeppelin, abakhweli baya kusebenzisa i-terrace yangaphandle kumgangatho we-103 kunye nokucacisa amasiko kumgangatho we-102. Uhlaziyo olujikeleze isakhiwo luphazamise isicwangciso sokumisa senqwelomoya.
Eyokuqala kwiinqaba ezintsha ezili-16 ezicwangcisiweyo ze-Hudson Yards ngexabiso le-25 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Esi sakhiwo sinobushushu obudityanisiweyo kunye neplanti yamandla kwaye siqhagamshelwe kuncedo lwesixeko kunye negrid encinci kunye nezinye izixhobo zamandla ezikufutshane.
UWalter Chrysler wala ukuhlawula umyili wezakhiwo uWilliam Van Alen emva kokuba isakhiwo sakhe esizixhasa ngemali saba sesona sakhiwo side ehlabathini. UVan Alen wamangalela waza ekugqibeleni wafumana imali yakhe, kodwa akazange aphinde afumane iikomishini ezinkulu zokuyila.
Ngo-2005, iMetLife yasusa igumbi layo lenkomfa ka-1893, kuquka nesilingi yegolide yasekuqaleni, umgangatho womthi oqinileyo, indawo yomlilo, kunye nezitulo, ukuya kumgangatho wama-57 wesakhiwo.
Yisakhiwo sokuqala sokurhweba esiphakamileyo ukufezekisa isatifikethi se-LEED Platinum, inqanaba eliphezulu lokusingqongileyo isakhiwo esinokufikelela kuso. Iinyosi zihlala kolunye lwezindlu eziwayo.
Xa yayicetywayo kwaye yamkelwa ngo-1999, umphuhlisi wayo uDonald Trump wayibiza ngokuba sesona sakhiwo siphakamileyo sokuhlala emhlabeni, kodwa wajongana nenkcaso emandla. Owayesakuba nguYankee uDerek Jeter wathenga i-penthouse ngo-2001 (wayithengisa ngo-2012).
"Iintsika" ezinemigangatho esithoba yesakhiwo seCitigroup zenza kube lula ukubeka icawa kwenye yeekona zesayithi. Uphahla lukwi-angle ye-45-degree kwaye yenzelwe iipaneli zelanga, ezingazange zifakwe ekubeni uphahla alujonganga ilanga ngqo.
Isakhiwo esaziwa ngokuba liZiko laseRockefeller ekuqaleni sasinezakhiwo ezili-14 kwaye saqesha amashumi amawaka abasebenzi ngexesha lokuDodobala Okukhulu, kuquka abasebenzi bentsimbi abali-11 ababoniswe apha kumgangatho we-30 we-Rock (ngoku eyiYunivesithi yaseComcast) ifoto yesidlo sasemini phezu komqadi. . iinyawo zabo zijinga 850 iinyawo phezu komhlaba.
Inxalenye yesakhiwo sorhwebo, esiyindawo yokuhlala kwindawo eyayisakuba yiVenkile yeSebe lika-Alexander iquka intendelezo ephefumlelwe ziindonga zesiXeko saseNew York ezifana neSikhululo saseGrand Central kunye neGumbi lokuFunda leSebe leThala leeNcwadi loLuntu laseNew York.
Sithetha nje esona sakhiwo siphakamileyo sokuhlala emhlabeni, saphefumlelwa ziinkonkxa zenkunkuma saza sayilwa ngokujikeleze oko umyili waso uRafael Vignoli akuchaza “njengeyona ndlela isulungekileyo yejometri: isikwere.”
Ngenxa yokungalungi kakuhle ngexesha lokwakha, isakhiwo saphela iinyawo ezili-11 ngaphezu komda obekwe ngabacwangcisi besixeko. Imvume yokubuyela emva ayizange inikwe; endaweni yoko, umphuhlisi uhlawule i-2.1 yezigidigidi zeedola, inxalenye yayo yayijoliswe ekuhlaziyeni indawo yokuhlaziya umdaniso kufuphi nedolophu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Dec-16-2022