Njengoko ukuveliswa kwezithuthi zombane kuqhubeka nokukhula, kunjalo ke imfuno ehambelanayo yentsimbi yombane esetyenziswa kwiimoto zombane.
Ababoneleli beenjini zemizi-mveliso kunye nezorhwebo bajongene nomngeni omkhulu. Ngokwembali, ababoneleli abanje nge-ABB, WEG, Siemens kunye ne-Nidec banikezele ngokulula ngemathiriyeli ekrwada ebalulekileyo esetyenziswa ekwenzeni iinjini zabo. Ewe kunjalo, kukho iziphazamiso ezininzi zokubonelela kubo bonke ubomi bemarike, kodwa kunqabile ukuba oku kukhule kube yingxaki yexesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, siyaqala ukubona ukuphazamiseka kokubonelela okunokuphazamisa amandla okuvelisa ababoneleli beemoto kwiminyaka ezayo. Intsimbi yombane isetyenziswa kakhulu xa kusenziwa iimoto zombane. Esi sixhobo sidlala indima ephambili ekudaleni intsimi ye-electromagnetic esetyenziselwa ukujikeleza i-rotor. Ngaphandle kweepropathi ze-electromagnetic ezinxulumene nale ferroalloy, ukusebenza kwe-injini kuya kuncitshiswa kakhulu. Ngokwembali, iimoto zentengiso kunye nezicelo zemizi-mveliso ziye zaba sisiseko esikhulu sabathengi kubaboneleli bentsimbi yombane, ke ngoko ababoneleli ngeemoto abakhange babenangxaki yokukhusela imigca yokubonelela ngokubaluleka. Nangona kunjalo, ngokufika kwezithuthi zombane, isabelo sabathengisi bezentengiselwano kunye nezoshishino zeemoto zombane ziye zasongelwa kwishishini leemoto. Njengoko ukuveliswa kwezithuthi zombane kuqhubeka nokukhula, kunjalo ke imfuno ehambelanayo yentsimbi yombane esetyenziswa kwiimoto zombane. Ngenxa yoko, amandla othethathethwano phakathi kwababoneleli beemoto zezorhwebo/zemizi-mveliso kunye nababoneleli babo bentsimbi aye aphelelwa ngamandla. Njengoko lo mkhuba uqhubeka, uya kuchaphazela amandla ababoneleli ukubonelela ngentsimbi yombane efunekayo kwimveliso, ekhokelela kwixesha elide lokukhokela kunye namaxabiso aphezulu kubathengi.
Iinkqubo ezenzeka emva kokubunjwa kwetsimbi ekrwada zinquma ukuba zeziphi iinjongo eziphathekayo zingasetyenziselwa. Enye inkqubo enjalo ibizwa ngokuba yi "cold rolling" kwaye ivelisa into eyaziwa ngokuba yi "cold rolled steel" - uhlobo olusetyenziselwa intsimbi yombane. Intsimbi epholileyo eqengqelekayo yenza ipesenti encinci yemfuno yentsimbi iyonke kwaye le nkqubo idume ngokuba nenkunzi enkulu. Ngoko ke, ukukhula komthamo wemveliso kucotha. Kwiminyaka eyi-1-2 edlulileyo, siye sabona amaxabiso entsimbi epholileyo enyuka ukuya kumanqanaba embali. I-Federal Reserve ibeka esweni amaxabiso ehlabathi kwintsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo. Njengoko kuboniswe kwitshathi engezantsi, ixabiso lale nto liye landa ngaphezu kwe-400% ukusuka kwixabiso layo ngoJanuwari 2016. Idatha ibonisa ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lentsimbi epholileyo xa kuthelekiswa namaxabiso ngoJanuwari 2016. Umthombo: I-Federal Reserve Bank yaseSt. Umothuko wobonelelo lwexesha elifutshane olunxulunyaniswa ne-COVID sesinye sezizathu zokunyuka kwamaxabiso entsimbi eqengqelekayo ebandayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kwemfuno yezithuthi zombane kwishishini leemoto kuye kwaye kuya kuqhubeka nokuba yinto echaphazela amaxabiso. Kwimveliso yeenjini zombane, insimbi yombane inokuthatha i-20% yeendleko zezinto. Ngoko ke, akumangalisi ukuba ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lokuthengisa iimoto zombane linyuke nge-35-40% xa kuthelekiswa noJanuwari 2020. Sithetha nje sixoxisana nabanikezeli beemoto zorhwebo kunye nezoshishino kwinguqu entsha ye-low voltage AC motor market. Kuphando lwethu, sivile iingxelo ezininzi zokuba ababoneleli banobunzima bokubonelela ngentsimbi yombane ngenxa yokuthanda kwabo abathengi beemoto abafaka iiodolo ezinkulu. Saqala ukuva ngayo phakathi ku-2021 kwaye inani leembekiselo kuyo kudliwanondlebe lwababoneleli liyakhula.
Inani leemoto ezisebenzisa iimoto zombane ekuhanjisweni zisencinci xa kuthelekiswa nezithuthi ezisebenzisa iinjini eziqhelekileyo zokutsha zangaphakathi. Nangona kunjalo, amabhongo ee-automakers ezinkulu acebisa ukuba ibhalansi iya kutshintsha ngokukhawuleza kule minyaka ilishumi izayo. Ke umbuzo ngulo, likhulu kangakanani imfuno kwishishini leemoto kwaye lithini ixesha layo? Ukuphendula inxalenye yokuqala yombuzo, makhe sithathe umzekelo wamashishini amakhulu amathathu ehlabathi: iToyota, iVolkswagen, kunye neHonda. Bebonke benza i-20-25% yemarike yeemoto zehlabathi malunga nokuthunyelwa. Aba benzi bathathu kuphela baya kuvelisa i-21.2 yezigidi zezithuthi kwi-2021. Oku kuthetha ukuba malunga ne-85 yezigidi zezithuthi ziya kuveliswa ngo-2021. Ukuze kube lula, makhe sicinge ukuba umlinganiselo phakathi kwenani leenjini ezisebenzisa intsimbi yombane kunye nokuthengiswa kwesithuthi sombane yi-1: 1. Ukuba kuphela i-23.5% yezithuthi eziqikelelwa kwi-85 yezigidi eziveliswayo zinombane, inani leenjini ezifunekayo ukuxhasa loo mthamo uya kudlula i-19.2 yezigidi ze-low-voltage AC induction motors ezithengiswa ngo-2021 kwizicelo zorhwebo kunye nezoshishino.
Umkhwa obhekiselele kwizithuthi zombane awunakuphepheka, kodwa ukugqiba isantya sokwamkelwa kunokuba ngumsebenzi onzima. Yintoni ecacileyo, nangona kunjalo, kukuba ii-automakers ezifana neGeneral Motors zizinikele ekufakeni umbane ngokupheleleyo ngo-2035 ngo-2021, ukutyhala imarike yemoto yombane kwisigaba esitsha. Kwi-Interact Analysis, silandelela ukuveliswa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion ezisetyenziswa kwizithuthi zombane njengenxalenye yophando lwethu oluqhubekayo kwimarike yebhetri. Olu chungechunge lunokusetyenziswa njengesalathisi sezinga lokuveliswa kwezithuthi zombane. Sibonisa le ngqokelela engezantsi, kunye nengqokelela yentsimbi epholileyo eboniswe ngaphambili. Ukuzidibanisa kunceda ukubonisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokunyuka kwemveliso yemoto yombane kunye namaxabiso ensimbi yombane. Idatha imele ukusebenza xa kuthelekiswa namaxabiso e-2016. Umthombo: Uhlalutyo lwe-Interact, i-Federal Reserve Bank yaseSt. Umgca ompunga ubonisa ukunikezelwa kweebhetri ze-lithium-ion kwiimoto zombane. Eli xabiso lesalathisi kwaye ixabiso le-2016 limele i-100%. Umgca ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubonisa amaxabiso ensimbi abandayo, aphinde aboniswe njengexabiso lesalathisi, kunye nexabiso le-2016 kwi-100%. Sikwabonisa uqikelelo lwethu lobonelelo ngebhetri ye-EV emelwe ziibha ezinamachokoza ezingwevu. Kungekudala uza kubona ukunyuka okubukhali kokuthunyelwa kwebhetri phakathi kwe-2021 kunye ne-2022, kunye nokuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza kwamaxesha angama-10 ngaphezu kwe-2016. Ukongeza koku, ungabona kwakhona ukunyuka kwexabiso lentsimbi epholileyo epholileyo ngexesha elifanayo. Ukulindela kwethu isantya semveliso ye-EV imelwe ngumgca wegrey onamachaphaza. Silindele ukuba umsantsa wemfuno yobonelelo ngentsimbi yombane yande kule minyaka mihlanu izayo njengoko ukukhula komthamo kusilela emva kokunyuka kwemfuno yale mveliso kushishino lwe-EV. Ekugqibeleni, oku kuya kukhokelela ekunqongophelweni kokubonelela, okuya kuzibonakalisa kumaxesha amade okuhanjiswa kunye namaxabiso aphezulu eemoto.
Isisombululo sale ngxaki sisezandleni zababoneleli ngentsimbi. Ekugqibeleni, intsimbi yombane eninzi kufuneka iveliswe ukuvala umsantsa phakathi konikezelo kunye nemfuno. Silindele ukuba oku kwenzeke, nangona kancinci. Njengoko ishishini lentsimbi lizamana noku, silindele ukuba ababoneleli beemoto abadityaniswe ngokuthe nkqo kwikhonkco labo lokubonelela (ingakumbi iimpahla zentsimbi) baqalise ukwandisa isabelo sabo ngamaxesha amafutshane okuhanjiswa kunye namaxabiso aphantsi. eziyimfuneko kwimveliso yazo. Ababoneleli bee-injini bebejonge oku njengendlela yexesha elizayo iminyaka. Ngoku sinokuthi ngokuzithemba ukuba lo mkhwa uqalile ngokusemthethweni.
UBlake Griffin yingcaphephe kwiinkqubo zokuzenzela, ukufakwa kwedijithali kwimizi-mveliso kunye nokufakelwa kombane kwisithuthi esingekho endleleni. Ukususela ekujoyineni i-Interact Analysis kwi-2017, ubhale iingxelo ezinzulu malunga ne-voltage ephantsi ye-AC motor, ukugcinwa kwangaphambili kunye neemarike ze-hydraulics mobile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-08-2022