Inkqubo yamalungelo awodwa omenzi wechiza ivumela ukunyanzeliswa kokubumba kuxinzelelo oluphantsi, ukonga kwiindleko ezinkulu zezixhobo zokuvelisa ipaneli. #izinto ezincamathelayo #ngaphandle kwe-autoclave #sheetforming ikhompawundi
Isenokujongeka njengocango lwamaplanga, kodwa eneneni yireplica yomgangatho we-SMC, eyenziwe kusetyenziswa inkqubo entsha yokubumba ye-Acell ye-SMC. Le nkqubo isebenzisa i-phenolic foam core ukudala iingcango kunye nezinye iipaneli zokwakha ngokusebenzisa i-low-pressure-time molding molding. Umthombo: Asell
Lo mfanekiso ubonisa ukufakwa komatshini wokushicilela. Qaphela uloliwe ophakanyisiweyo obonakalayo phezulu ngasekhohlo oxhasa inkqubo ye-robotic ye-PiMC yokutshiza yokwaleka komgubo. Umthombo: Italpresse
I-Cross-section yepaneli ecinezelweyo (ngaphandle kokwenza umthi) ebonisa indlela i-resin ye-SMC ingena ngayo kwiiseli ezivulekileyo ze-foam core, idala i-interlock yomatshini ukukhusela i-delamination. Umthombo: Asell
Iiphaneli zeAcell ziyafumaneka kumakhulu okugqitywa, kubandakanywa iipateni zebhastile, njengoko kubonisiwe apha. Umthombo: Asell
Inyathelo 1: Ngexesha lokuphosa, i-nickel-plated i-aluminiyam yokubumba yenziwa kuqala kusetyenziswa i-master composite ukuze kuphindwe kugqitywe umphezulu ofunekayo. Lo buso obusezantsi yipaneli yomnyango eqhelekileyo. Umthombo: Asell
Inyathelo lesi-2: I-negative ye-glass-filled molding compound (SMC) ifakwe kwisixhobo; kwimeko yemveliso, isigqubuthelo somphezulu sisetyenziswa kuqala kwisingundo ukuze kugcinwe umgangatho ohambelanayo womphezulu. Umthombo: Asell
Inyathelo lesi-3: Iphaneli yomnyango idla ngokubandakanya isakhelo somthi, esikuvumela ukuba uqhube imingxuma yehardware kumnyango ogqityiweyo okanye ipaneli kwaye uyinqumle ukuze ilingane nokufakela kwakho. Umthombo: Asell
Inyathelo lesi-4: Igwebu lephenolic elinelungelo elilodwa lomenzi we-Acell (umlilo/umsi/intsholongwane) lifakwa kwisakhelo somthi. Umthombo: Asell
Inyathelo lesi-5: Beka iphepha eliphezulu le-SMC kwi-styrofoam kunye nesakhelo somthi kwaye wenze olunye ulusu lwangaphandle lwe-SMC kunye nesandwich ye-styrofoam. Umthombo: Asell
Inyathelo lesi-6: Thelekisa iphaneli egqityiweyo kunye nefom. Qaphela ukuba i-foam evulekileyo ikuvumela ukuba uvelise kwakhona i-contours yeepaneli. Umthombo: Asell
"Ukuba uyakha, baya kuza" inokuba yi-Hollywood catchphrase, kodwa ikwachaza isicwangciso sokuqhubela phambili i-composites industry ngamanye amaxesha iqasha - ukwazisa izinto ezintsha ezinyanzelisayo ngethemba lokuba imarike iya kuvela ekuhambeni kwexesha. Lungelelanisa kwaye uyamkele. Itekhnoloji ye-Acell's sheet molding compound (SMC) yenye yezinto ezintsha. Inelungelo elilodwa lomenzi kwihlabathi liphela ngo-2008 kwaye yaziswa e-US ngo-2010, le nkqubo ibonelela ngendibaniselwano yezinto kunye nenkqubo yokusebenza okuphezulu kokubumba isangweji yesiko. Iindleko zezixhobo zenkunzi zeepaneli ziphantsi kakhulu kunobumba obuqhelekileyo bokunyanzeliswa.
Umqambi wolu tshintsho liqela leteknoloji yekhemikhali yase-Italiya i-Acell (eMilan, e-Italiya), eye yavelisa isiseko se-foam esivulekileyo se-phenolic kwizakhiwo zokwakha ezikwazi ukumelana nomlilo iminyaka engama-25. I-Acell yayifuna ukufumana imarike ebanzi yeemveliso zayo ze-foam kwaye yavelisa indlela yokusebenzisa i-foam ngokudibanisa ne-SMC ukwenza ngokufanelekileyo iingcango kunye nezinye iimveliso zephaneli kwimarike yokwakha. Iqabane lobuchwephesha i-Acell Italpresse SpA (i-Bagnatica, i-Italiya kunye ne-Punta Gorda, eFlorida) yenzelwe kwaye yakha umgca opheleleyo wokuvelisa ukuveliswa kweepaneli ezidibeneyo ngokweeparitha ezichaziweyo. "Sikholelwa kwimodeli yethu yeshishini lokudala iinkqubo kunye neemveliso zokusetyenziswa kwihlabathi," utshilo u-Acell oyiNtloko yezoRhwebo uMichael Free.
Mhlawumbi unyanisile. Oku kubangele umdla omkhulu kweli shishini. Enyanisweni, i-Ashland Performance Materials (i-Columbus, e-Ohio) yenze intsebenziswano yobuchule kunye ne-Acell ukukhuthaza le teknoloji eMntla Melika. Inkqubo ye-Acell yanikezelwa ngembasa ye-2011 Composites Excellence Award (ACE) yi-American Composite Manufacturers Association. (ACMA, Arlington, Virginia) Inkqubo yoTshintsho lwenkqubo.
Inkqubo entsha yokubumba i-crystallization yesixa esikhulu sophando kunye nophuhliso lweepaneli zesandwich. UDave Ortmyer, i-COO ye-Italpresse USA, uchaze ukuba iingcango ezidibeneyo zoyilo zenziwa ngamanyathelo amaninzi kunye nenkqubo enzima yabasebenzi equka ukwenza isakhelo sangaphakathi, ukuhlamba ulusu lwe-SMC, ukudibanisa amacandelo, kwaye ekugqibeleni, i-polyurethane foam igalelwe ngaphakathi. ukufakwa kwe-thermal. Ngokwahlukileyo, inkqubo ye-Acell ivelisa iphaneli yomnyango elinganayo kwinyathelo elinye kwaye ngexabiso eliphantsi kakhulu lokuqala. “Umngundo wesikhumba womnyango we-SMC wesintu unokubiza ukuya kuthi ga kwi-300,000 yeedola,” utshilo u-Ortmyer. "Inkqubo yethu inokukunika umnyango ogqityiweyo ngexesha elinye, iindleko zezixhobo ziya kuba yi-20,000 yeedola ukuya kwi-25,000 yeedola."
Izinto eziphathekayo zidlala indima ephambili kwinkqubo. Ngokungafaniyo namagwebu amaninzi e-phenolic, athambileyo, ashwabeneyo kwaye aethe-ethe (njengegwebu leentyatyambo eziluhlaza ezisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kweentyatyambo), i-Acell foam yindibaniselwano yezithako zobunini ukwenza ugwebu olomeleleyo lolwakhiwo. m3 (5 ukuya ku-50 lb/ft3). Ugwebu luneempawu zokugquma kwe-thermal, umlilo, umsi kunye netyhefu (FST) ukumelana, kunye neempawu zokufunxa isandi. Ikwafumaneka kwiisayizi ezahlukeneyo zeeseli, utshilo uFree. I-SMC ezaliswe ngeglasi esetyenziswe kwiipaneli zomnyango zenziwe ngu-Acell, wathi. Kuba i-SMC ithambekele ekuphumeni ngexesha lokubumba, u-Ortmeier uthi, igwebu lisebenza njengesixhobo esiphefumlayo, esivumela irhasi ukuba ibaleke ukungunda ngemingxunya.
Nangona kunjalo, umba ophambili kukufikelela. U-Ortmeier uthe amaqabane anethemba lokubonelela ngezixhobo ezinexabiso eliphantsi kubavelisi abancinci okanye abo bavelisa iimveliso ezininzi ngesaziso esifutshane. Kwimeko yokubumba i-SMC eqhelekileyo, izixhobo zikhulu kwaye zibiza kakhulu, uthi, kungekhona nje ngenxa yokuba iinxalenye zininzi, kodwa nangenxa yokuba kufuneka zimelane nokugqoka kunye nokukrazula okubangelwa ukuhamba kunye nokuhamba kwezinto ezininzi ze-SMC "iintlawulo" ezifakwe emgceni. ekubumbeni. . phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu olusetyenziswayo.
Ngenxa yokuba i-Acell foam eyongezelelekileyo ihlala "i-brittle" (inokukhubazeka) phantsi koxinzelelo, uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo luya kuyityumza ngokupheleleyo, ngoko ke uxinzelelo lokubumba kufuneka lubephantsi. Ke ngoko, inkqubo ye-Acell isebenzisa kuphela umaleko omncinci we-SMC eluswini. Ayishukumi okanye ihamba ecaleni, ngoko akukho mngcipheko wokuguga kwindawo yesixhobo. Ngapha koko, i-resin ye-SMC iqukuqela kuphela kwi-z-direction - inkqubo yenzelwe ukunika ubushushu obaneleyo kumngundo ukunyibilikisa i-matrix ye-SMC, ibangela ukuba enye i-resin ingene kwiiseli ze-foam ezikufutshane njengoko idilika kancinci phantsi koxinzelelo.
"Ngexesha lomjikelo wokubumba, iqokobhe le-SMC lixhonywe ngoomatshini kunye neekhemikhali kwi-foam," uyachaza uFrey, kwaye uthi "ukususwa kweqokobhe akunakwenzeka." esinye isixhobo esinamandla kakhulu. Iindleko zokufakela ezimbini ezibhityileyo (phezulu nangaphantsi) kunye neenkcukacha zomhlaba ezifunekayo kuphela iqhezu leendleko ezifunekayo ukuvelisa insimbi okanye i-aluminium yomshini we-SMC isixhobo. Isiphumo, amaqabane athi, yinkqubo efikelelekayo enikezela uluhlu olubanzi lweentengiselwano ngexabiso eliqhelekileyo lenkunzi.
Nangona kunjalo, ukufikeleleka kunye nokufikeleleka akukhupheli ngaphandle ukuziqhelanisa. Uvavanyo oluninzi lwenziwa apho izinto ezilukiweyo zifakwe kwi-laminate. Zakhiwe ngokulula kumaleko aphakathi, ukwandisa amandla okugoba eepaneli. NgokukaSimahla, amalaphu alukiweyo e-aramid, i-honeycombs yentsimbi kunye nezinto ezifakwe kwi-pultruded zinokudityaniswa kwiipaneli zesandwich kwaye zicinezelwe ngexesha lokusetyenzwa ukongezwa kokuchasana nokuqhushumba, ukukhuselwa kobusela kunye nokunye. "Sifuna abavelisi baqonde ukuba le nkqubo iguquguquka kakhulu kwaye iguquguquka," wachaza. "Inokuvelisa iipaneli ezityebileyo okanye ezicekethekileyo ezenziwe ngokwesiqhelo ngexabiso eliphantsi ngaphandle kokulungiswa okongeziweyo njengokuncamathisela okanye ukuqina."
Inkqubo yeplanti, eyilwe yi-Italpresse ngokukodwa i-Acell, iqulethe i-120 tonne downstroke press kunye neepleyiti ezifudumalayo ukubeka iimbumba zeepaneli. I-platen esezantsi yenzelwe ukuhamba kwaye iphume ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye u-Ortmeier uthi kunokwenzeka ukongeza i-platen ephantsi eshushu yesibini kwelinye icala lomatshini ukuze ulale kwi-mold enye ngelixa enye i-press usebenzisa i-Layup. isitishi. I-Slabs yi-2.6m / 8.5ft x 1.3m / 4.2ft yezicelo "eziqhelekileyo" ezifana neengcango zokuhombisa, kodwa ii-slabs zingenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze zihambelane neeprojekthi ezithile. Kuyafaneleka ukuba uqaphele ukuba kunokwenzeka kwakhona ukuguqula izicwangciso ze-press ezikhoyo ukuze zihambelane nenkqubo ye-Acell, ngaphandle kokuba uxinzelelo lunokulawulwa (nge-die stops) ukuphepha ukunyanzeliswa.
Iimbumba zenziwa ngokuzimeleyo kwiprojekthi yepaneli nganye kwaye inokwenziwa ngeendlela zokuphosa zendabuko. Ukufumana inkcazo ephezulu yokubumba ubuso obulinganisa izinto zendalo ezifana nemithi okanye ilitye, iipaneli ze-fiberglass / i-polyester zibekwe ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto ezikhethiweyo zokwenza iipateni eziphambili zezixhobo eziphezulu kunye nezantsi. Iimodeli ezimbini eziphambili zithunyelwa kwi-Foundry, apho izixhobo zifakwe kwi-aluminium-nickel alloy. Isixhobo esincinci sitshisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye sinokuphakanyiswa kwaye sihanjiswe ngabaqhubi ababini xa singasebenzi. Olunye ukhetho lwesixhobo lukhona, kodwa ubuchule bokuphosa buvelisa izixhobo ngexabiso elifanelekileyo kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo 0.75 ″ ukuya ku-1″ (20 ukuya kwi-25 mm) ubukhulu.
Ngethuba lokuvelisa, i-mold ilungiselelwe ngokuhambelana nomgangatho ofunwayo wepaneli. Iindidi zokubumba zokubumba kunye nokugqiba ziyafumaneka, zichazwe simahla, kubandakanywa umgubo wokubumba (i-PiMC), umgubo we-pigment osetyenzisiweyo osetyenziswa ngokubanzi onyibilikayo kwaye uphendule nge-SMC ukwenza i-UV kunye ne-Scratch resistant coating. Umbala womphezulu wephaneli. Olunye ukhetho lubandakanya ukugalela isanti enemibala okanye yendalo phezu kwesikhunta ukulinganisa ilitye, okanye ukusebenzisa isigqubuthelo esiprintiweyo esinokongeza ukuthungwa kunye nephethini. Emva koko, i-filament ye-surface ibekwe kwi-mold, emva koko i-SMC egcwele iglasi ifakwe kwi-mesh shape kwaye ibekwe phantsi kwi-mold elungiselelwe.
Iqhekeza le-1″/26mm elishinyeneyo i-Acell foam (elikwasikwe layimilo yemesh) labekwa phezu kwe-SMC. Uluhlu lwesibini lwe-SMC lusetyenziswe kwi-foam kunye nefilimu yesibini ukuququzelela ukukhutshwa kwamacandelo kunye nokubonelela nge-conduit ye-volatiles ekhutshwe yi-SMC. Ukufa ezantsi, ebekwe phezu platen eshushu, ke ngoomatshini okanye ngesandla wondliwa cinezela apho ubushushu inkqubo 130 ° C ukuya 150 ° C (266 ° F ukuya 302 ° F) ifikelelwe. Nciphisa i-mold ephezulu kwi-stack, ushiye isithuba esincinci somoya phakathi kwe-molds, kwaye ucinezele umaleko ophakathi kunye namandla angama-5 kg / cm2 (71 psi) malunga nemizuzu emihlanu ukwenza ipaneli eqinileyo njengenyathelo lesi-6. isitampu umjikelo, amaso slide ngaphandle kwaye inxalenye isuswe.
Ukudala ipaneli yomnyango oqhelekileyo, inkqubo yatshintshwa ngokongeza isakhelo somthi wesangweji malunga nomda weqhekeza (inyathelo lesi-3) kunye nokufaka i-foam ngaphakathi kwesakhelo. Umthi ojikelezileyo uvumela iingcango ukuba zisikwe ngokwemilinganiselo echanekileyo kunye neehenjisi zokuxhoma kunye nokufakwa ngokulula kunokufakwa, uFritsch uyacacisa.
Ngelixa uninzi lweengcango ezidityanisiweyo zemveli ngoku zenziwe e-Asia, u-Ortmayer uthi inkqubo ye-Acell “ivumela imveliso 'yasekhaya' emhlabeni ngenxa yexabiso layo eliphantsi. Yindlela yokudala imisebenzi yokuvelisa ngexabiso eliyinkunzi efanelekileyo. Okwangoku kukho iilayisenisi ezisixhenxe eYurophu esebenzisa inkqubo ye-Acell ukwenza iingcango kunye nezinye iimveliso zephaneli, kwaye inzala e-US ikhule ngokukhawuleza ukususela ekufumaneni ibhaso le-ACMA kwi-2011, uthi u-Free, onethemba lokubona ngakumbi kumacandelo okwakhiwa kwangaphandle. Isetyenziswa rhoqo, umzekelo, njengeepaneli zokugquma (jonga ifoto), le nkqubo igqwesileyo ngokubhekiselele kwi-thermal insulation, ukumelana ne-UV kunye nokuchasana kwempembelelo.
Enye inzuzo kukuba iiphaneli ze-Acell ziyi-100% ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe: ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20% yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ziphinda zisetyenziswe kwimveliso ye-foam. "Sidale inkqubo yoqoqosho kunye neluhlaza ye-SMC," utshilo uFree. UMike Wallenhorst uthe umanyano lobuchule kunye ne-Ashland kulindeleke ukuba lenze itekhnoloji yaziwe ngokubanzi. UMlawuli woLawulo lweeMveliso e-Ashland. "Licandelo letekhnoloji elinomtsalane elifanele abaphulaphuli abaninzi."
I-US ibonakala ikulungele ukutyala imali eninzi kwiziseko ezingundoqo. Ngaba ishishini leendibaniselwano liyakwazi ukumelana nale nto?
Iiphaneli ezidityanisiweyo ezibuyisela umlilo zibonelela ngesakhiwo, ukungangeni komoya kunye neefaçades ezinomfanekiso kwizakhiwo ezingoovulindlela eDubai.
Ingqikelelo yokwakhiwa kwemodyuli ithathe inyathelo lesakhiwo esihlanganisiweyo, inikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwezisombululo zezindlu ezifikelelekayo kuzo zonke iintlobo zabakhi.
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-01-2023