Irayisi. 1. Ngethuba lokujikeleza kwenkqubo yokutya ye-vertical roll, i-edge ehamba phambili "igoba" phambi kweengqungquthela zokugoba. Ungqameko olusandula kusikwa olulandelekayo luthi lutyibilike ngaphaya komphetho ophambili, lubekwe kwaye ludityaniswe ukwenza iqokobhe elilisongekileyo.
Nabani na osebenza kumashishini okwenziwa kwesinyithi kunokwenzeka ukuba aqhelane nezixhobo ezijikelezayo, nokuba zi-pre-nip mills, i-double-nip three-roll mills, i-three-roll geometric translational mills, okanye i-four-roll mills. Ngamnye wabo unemida kunye neenzuzo, kodwa banento enye efanayo: baqengqa amaphepha kunye namacwecwe kwindawo ethe tye.
Indlela engaziwa kangako ibandakanya ukuskrola kwicala elithe nkqo. Njengezinye iindlela, ukuskrola ngokuthe nkqo kunemida kunye neenzuzo. La mandla aphantse asoloko esombulula ingxaki enye kwezimbini. Enye yazo yimpembelelo yomxhuzulane kwi-workpiece ngexesha lokuqengqeleka, kwaye enye kukungasebenzi kakuhle kokulungiswa kwezinto. Ukuphuculwa kunokubini ukuphucula ukuhamba komsebenzi kwaye ekugqibeleni kwandise ukukhuphisana komenzi.
Itekhnoloji yokuqengqeleka ngokuthe nkqo ayiyonto intsha. Iingcambu zayo zinokulandwa emva kwiinkqubo ezininzi zesiko ezenziwe ngo-1970s. Ngeminyaka yoo-1990, abanye abakhi boomatshini babebonelela ngeemishini zokusila ezithe nkqo njengomgca wemveliso oqhelekileyo. Le teknoloji yamkelwe ngamashishini ahlukeneyo, ngakumbi kwintsimi yokwakhiwa kwetanki.
Amatanki aqhelekileyo kunye nezikhongozeli ezidla ngokuveliswa ngokuthe nkqo ziquka ezo zisetyenziselwa ukutya, imveliso yobisi, iwayini, ibhiya neyokwenza amayeza; Iitanki zokugcina i-oyile ye-API; iitanki zamanzi ezidityanisiweyo kulimo okanye ukugcina amanzi. Imiqulu emi nkqo inciphisa kakhulu ukuphatha izinto, ihlala ibonelela ngomgangatho ongcono wokugoba, kwaye ibambe ngokufanelekileyo inyathelo elilandelayo lokuhlanganisa, ulungelelwaniso kunye ne-welding.
Enye inzuzo iboniswa apho umthamo wokugcinwa kwezinto eziphathekayo ulinganiselwe. Ukugcinwa ngokuthe nkqo kwee-slabs okanye ii-slabs kufuna indawo encinci kunokugcina ii-slabs okanye ii-slabs kwindawo ethe tyaba.
Qwalasela ivenkile apho imizimba yetanki enobubanzi obukhulu (okanye “iileya”) iqengqeleka kwimiqulu ethe tyaba. Emva kokuqengqeleka, abaqhubi benza ukuwelda amabala, behlisa iifreyimu ezisecaleni, kwaye bandise iqokobhe eliqengqelekayo. Ekubeni iqokobhe elibhityileyo lithoba phantsi kobunzima balo, kufuneka liqiniswe ngokuqina okanye ukuqiniswa okanye ukujikeleziswa kwindawo ethe nkqo.
Umthamo ophezulu onjalo wokusebenza-ukutya iiplanga ukusuka kwi-horizontal ukuya kwi-horizontal rolls kuphela ukuzikhupha emva kokuqengqeleka kunye nokunyathela ukupakisha-kunokudala zonke iintlobo zeengxaki zokuvelisa. Ngombulelo wokuskrola ngokuthe nkqo, ivenkile iphelisa yonke inkqubo ephakathi. Amashiti okanye iibhodi zityiswa ngokuthe nkqo kwaye ziqengqiwe, zikhuselwe, zize ziphakanyiswe ngokuthe nkqo ukulungiselela umsebenzi olandelayo. Xa ishukuma, itanki ayixhathisi ubunzima, ngoko ke ayigobi phantsi kobunzima bayo.
Okunye ukuqengqeleka okuthe nkqo kwenzeka koomatshini abaqengqelekayo abane, ngakumbi kumatanki amancinane (ngokuqhelekileyo angaphantsi kweenyawo ezi-8 ububanzi) aya kuthunyelwa ezantsi ngomlambo aze aqhutywe ngokuthe nkqo. Inkqubo ye-4-roll ivumela ukuguqulwa kwakhona ukuphelisa iiflethi ezingaguqukiyo (apho imiqulu ibambe ishidi), ibonakala ngakumbi kwiinqununu ezincinci ze-diameter.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuqengqeleka ngokuthe nkqo kwamatanki kuqhutywa kumatshini wokuqengqeleka amathathu anejiyometri ebambekayo ephindwe kabini, isondliwe kwiipleyiti zetsimbi okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwiikhoyili (le ndlela ixhaphake kakhulu). Kolu seto, umsebenzisi usebenzisa i-radius gauge okanye itemplate ukulinganisa iradius yocingo. Bahlengahlengisa ii-rollers zokugoba xa bechukumisa umgca ohamba phambili wewebhu, kwaye kwakhona njengoko iwebhu iqhubeka isondla. Njengoko i-bobbin iqhubeka nokungena ngaphakathi kwenxeba layo eliqinileyo, imvelaphi yempahla iyanda kwaye umqhubi uhambisa i-bobbin ukuba abangele ukugoba okungakumbi ukuhlawulela.
I-elasticity ixhomekeke kwiipropati zezinto kunye nohlobo lwekhoyili. I-diameter yangaphakathi (ID) yekhoyili ibalulekile. Ezinye izinto zilingana, ikhoyili yi-intshi ezingama-20. I-ID inxeba liqina kwaye ine-bounce engaphezulu kune-coil efanayo eboshwe ukuya kwi-intshi ezingama-26. I-IDENTIFIER.
Umzobo 2. Ukuskrola ngokuthe nkqo kuye kwaba yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yofakelo oluninzi lwetanki. Xa usebenzisa i-crane, inkqubo ngokuqhelekileyo iqala kumgangatho ophezulu kwaye isebenza ngendlela yayo ezantsi. Qaphela umthungo othe nkqo kuphela kumaleko aphezulu.
Qaphela, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ukuqengqeleka kwizikhonkwane ezithe nkqo kwahluke kakhulu ekuqengqeni ipleyiti eshinyeneyo kwiiroli ezithe tyaba. Kwimeko yokugqibela, abaqhubi basebenza ngenkuthalo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imiphetho yephepha ihambelana ngokuchanekileyo ekupheleni komjikelo wokuqengqeleka. Amashiti ashinyeneyo aqengqeleke abe kwidayamitha emxinwa akakwazi ukuphinda asebenze kwakhona.
Xa kusenziwa amaqokobhe amaqokobhe anemiqulu ethe nkqo, umqhubi akakwazi ukuzisa imiphetho ndawonye ekupheleni komjikelo wokuqengqeleka kuba, ewe, iphepha livela ngqo kumqulu. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuqengqeleka, iphepha linomgca ohamba phambili, kodwa aliyi kuba nomgca wokulandela de lisikwe kumqulu. Kwimeko yezi nkqubo, umqulu ugqitywe kwisangqa esipheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba umqulu ugobe ngokwenene, uze unqunywe emva kokugqitywa (jonga umfanekiso 1). Ungqameko olusandula kusikwa olulandelayo luthi lutyibilike ngaphaya komphetho ophambili, lubekwe, luze ludityaniswe ukwenza iqokobhe elilisongekileyo.
Ukugoba kwangaphambili kunye nokuqengqeleka kwakhona koomatshini abaninzi be-roll-fed akusebenzi kakuhle, oku kuthetha ukuba bahlala benekhefu kwiindawo ezihamba phambili kunye nezihambayo (ezifana neeflethi ezingaguqukiyo kwi-non-roll-fed rolling). La malungu adla ngokuphinda asetyenziswe. Nangona kunjalo, amashishini amaninzi abona i-scrap njengexabiso elincinci lokuhlawula yonke into esebenzayo yokuphatha izinto ezinikezelwa ngeerola ezithe nkqo.
Nangona kunjalo, amanye amashishini afuna ukufumana okuninzi kwizinto anazo, ngoko ke akhetha iinkqubo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokulinganisa i-roller. Zifana ne-four-roll straighteners kwimigca yokuphatha i-roll, iguqulwe kuphela phezulu. Ulungelelwaniso oluqhelekileyo lubandakanya i-7-roll kunye ne-12-roll straighteners ezisebenzisa inhlanganisela yokuthatha, i-straightener kunye ne-bending rolls. Umatshini wokulungisa awunciphisi nje ukwehla komkhono ngamnye onesiphako, kodwa ukwanyusa ukuguquguquka kwenkqubo, oko kukuthi inkqubo ayinakuvelisa kuphela iinxalenye eziqengqelekayo, kodwa kunye ne-slabs.
Indlela yokulinganisa ayinakuphinda ivelise iziphumo zeenkqubo zokulinganisa eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kumaziko enkonzo, kodwa inokuvelisa imathiriyeli ecaba ngokwaneleyo ukuba isikwe ngelaser okanye iplasma. Oku kuthetha ukuba abavelisi banokusebenzisa iikhoyili zombini ukuqengqeleka ngokuthe nkqo kunye nokunqunyulwa.
Khawucinge ukuba umntu ojikeleza ikheying yecandelo letoti ufumana umyalelo wokuthumela isinyithi esirhabaxa kwitafile yokusika iplasma. Emva kokuba ewasongile amatyala waza wawathumela ezantsi, wamisa inkqubo ukuze oomatshini boluleko bangatyiswa ngokuthe ngqo kwiifestile ezithe nkqo. Endaweni yoko, i-levelr idla i-flat material enokuthi inqunywe ubude, idale i-slab yokusika i-plasma.
Emva kokusika ibhetshi yezithuba ezingenanto, umqhubi uhlengahlengisa inkqubo ukuze aqalise ukuqengqeleka kwemikhono. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba iqengqeleka izinto ezithe tyaba, ukuguquguquka kwezinto (kubandakanya amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okunwebeka) akuyongxaki.
Kwiindawo ezininzi zokwenziwa kwemizi-mveliso kunye nolwakhiwo, abavelisi bajonge ukonyusa inani lemigangatho yefektri ukwenza lula ukwenziwa kunye nokudibanisa kwisiza. Nangona kunjalo, lo mgaqo awusebenzi xa kuziwa ekwenzeni iitanki ezinkulu zokugcina kunye nezakhiwo ezinkulu ezifanayo, ngokukodwa kuba umsebenzi onjalo ubandakanya ubunzima obumangalisayo ekuphatheni izinto eziphathekayo.
I-roll-fed nkqo esetyenzisiweyo kwisiza yenza lula ukuphatha izinto kunye nokwandisa yonke inkqubo yokwenziwa kwetanki (jonga umfanekiso wesi-2). Kulula kakhulu ukuthutha imiqulu yentsimbi ukuya kwindawo yomsebenzi kunokuqengqeleka uthotho lweeprofayile ezinkulu kwindawo yokusebenzela. Ukongeza, ukuqengqeleka kwisiza kuthetha ukuba nawona matanki edayamitha amakhulu anokuveliswa ngeweld enye ethe nkqo.
Ukuba ne-equalizer kwisiza kunika ukuguquguquka okungakumbi kwimisebenzi yesayithi. Lukhetho oluqhelekileyo lokwenziwa kwetanki kwisiza, apho ukusebenza okongeziweyo kuvumela abavelisi ukuba basebenzise iikhoyili ezilungelelanisiweyo ukwenza iidekhi zetanki okanye i-tank bottoms kwisiza, ukuphelisa ukuthuthwa phakathi kwevenkile kunye nendawo yokwakha.
Irayisi. 3. Ezinye iiroli ezithe nkqo ezidityaniswe kwinkqubo yokuvelisa itanki kwindawo. Ijekhi iphakamisa ikhosi esongiweyo ngaphambili ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ikhreyini.
Eminye imisebenzi ye-site idibanisa i-swaths ethe nkqo kwisistim esikhulu, kubandakanywa iiyunithi zokusika kunye ne-welding ezidityaniswe neejacks ezizodwa, ukuphelisa imfuno ye-cranes kwi-site (jonga uMfanekiso 3).
Idama lonke lakhiwe ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi, kodwa inkqubo iqala ukusuka ekuqaleni. Nantsi indlela esebenza ngayo: Umqulu okanye ishiti lityiswa ngeerola ezithe nkqo kwii-intshi ezimbalwa ukusuka apho udonga lwetanki lufanele ukuba khona. Udonga ke lufakwe kwizikhokelo ezithwala iphepha njengoko lidlula kwisangqa setanki. Umqulu othe nkqo umisiwe, iziphelo zinqunyulwa, zihlatywe kwaye i-seam eyodwa ethe nkqo idityanisiwe. Emva koko izinto zeembambo zifakwe kwigobolondo. Emva koko, i-jack iphakamisa igobolondo elisongiweyo phezulu. Phinda inkqubo yekhekhe elilandelayo ngezantsi.
Ii-welds ze-circumferential zenziwa phakathi kwamacandelo amabini adibeneyo, kwaye emva koko uphahla lwetanki lwenziwe kwisayithi - nangona isakhiwo sasihlala sisondele phantsi, kuphela iigobolondo ezimbini eziphezulu zenziwe. Emva kokuba uphahla lugqityiwe, iijacks ziphakamisa isakhiwo sonke ukulungiselela igobolondo elilandelayo, kwaye inkqubo iyaqhubeka-konke ngaphandle kwe-crane.
Xa umsebenzi ufikelela kwinqanaba eliphantsi, ii-slabs ziyadlala. Abanye abavelisi betanki yasendle basebenzisa iipleyiti ezi-3/8 ukuya kwi-intshi e-1 ubukhulu, kwaye kwezinye iimeko zinzima ngakumbi. Ngokuqinisekileyo, amaphepha awabonelelwanga kwimiqulu kwaye anqunyelwe ubude, ngoko ke la macandelo asezantsi aya kuba nee-welds ezininzi ezinqamlekileyo ezidibanisa amacandelo ephepha eliqengqelekayo. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, usebenzisa oomatshini abathe nkqo kwisiza, ii-slabs zinokukhutshwa kwindawo enye kwaye ziqengqelwe kwindawo yokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kulwakhiwo lwetanki.
Le nkqubo yokwakha itanki ngumzekelo wempumelelo yokuphatha izinto eziphathekayo (ubuncinci inxalenye) ngokuqengqeleka ngokuthe nkqo. Ewe kunjalo, njengayo nayiphi na enye indlela, ukuskrola ngokuthe nkqo akufanelekanga kwisicelo ngasinye. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kakuhle okwenzayo.
Cinga ukuba umenzi uhlohla i-non-feed swath ethe nkqo kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, uninzi lwazo zizikhonkwane zedayamitha ezincinci ezifuna ukugoba kwangaphambili (ukugoba imiphetho ekhokelayo kunye nelandelayo yesixhobo sokusebenza ukunciphisa imiphezulu engagotywanga). Le misebenzi inokwenzeka ngokwethiyori kwimiqulu ethe nkqo, kodwa ukugoba kwangaphambili kwicala elithe nkqo kunzima kakhulu. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukuqengqeleka ngokuthe nkqo komthamo omkhulu, okufuna ukugoba kwangaphambili, akuphumelelanga.
Ukongeza kwimiba yokuphatha izinto, abavelisi badibanise ukuskrola ngokuthe nkqo ukuphepha ubunzima (kwakhona, ukuphepha ukubhengeza amaqokobhe amakhulu angaxhaswanga). Nangona kunjalo, ukuba umsebenzi ubandakanya kuphela ukuqengqeleka kweshiti elomeleleyo ngokwaneleyo ukugcina imilo yalo ngexesha lonke lenkqubo yokuqengqeleka, akukho sizathu sokuqengqeleka ngokuthe nkqo elo phepha.
Kwakhona, imisebenzi ye-asymmetrical (ii-ovals kunye nezinye iimilo ezingaqhelekanga) zihlala zenziwe kakuhle kwiindawo ezinqamlekileyo, kunye nenkxaso ephezulu ukuba iyafunwa. Kule meko, izixhaso azigcini nje ukuthintela ukugoba ngenxa yobunzima, zikhokela i-workpiece ngexesha lokujikeleza kunye nokunceda ukugcina i-asymmetrical shape ye-workpiece. Ukuntsokotha kokulawula umsebenzi onjalo ngokuthe nkqo kunokuchasana nazo zonke iingenelo zokuskrola ngokuthe nkqo.
Ingcamango efanayo iyasebenza kwi-cone rolling. Iicones ezijikelezayo zixhomekeke kwingxabano phakathi kweerola kunye nokwahlukana koxinzelelo ukusuka kwelinye icala le-roller ukuya kwelinye. Roll ikhowuni ngokuthe nkqo kwaye ubunzima buyongeza ubunzima. Kusenokubakho okunxaxhileyo, kodwa kuzo zonke iinjongo kunye neenjongo, ikhowuni yokuskrola ngokuthe nkqo ayinakwenzeka.
Ukusetyenziswa komatshini wokuqengqeleka kathathu ngejometri yokuguqulela kwindawo ethe nkqo nako ngokuqhelekileyo kungenzeki. Kwaba matshini, imiqulu emibini esezantsi ihamba ecaleni ukuya kwelinye icala, ngelixa umqulu ophezulu ulungelelaniswa phezulu naphantsi. Olu hlengahlengiso luvumela oomatshini ukuba bagobe iijiyometri ezintsonkothileyo kunye nezinto eziqengqelekayo ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi zibonelelo azinyuswa ngokuskrola ngokuthe nkqo.
Xa ukhetha ii-sheet rolls, kubalulekile ukuqhuba uphando olucokisekileyo kunye nolucokisekileyo kwaye uthathele ingqalelo usetyenziso olujoliswe kwimveliso yomatshini. Iindlela ezithe nkqo zinokusebenza okulinganiselweyo kuneendlela eziqhelekileyo ezithe tye, kodwa zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezingundoqo xa kuziwa kwisicelo esifanelekileyo.
Oomatshini bokuqengqa ipleyiti ethe nkqo ngokubanzi banoyilo olusisiseko, ukusebenza kunye neempawu zoyilo kunoomatshini abaqengqelekayo bepleyiti. Ukongeza, imiqulu idla ngokuba mikhulu kakhulu kwisicelo, isusa isidingo sokubandakanya isithsaba (kunye nomgqomo okanye i-hourglass effect eyenzeka kwi-workpiece xa isithsaba singalungiswanga ngokufanelekileyo kumsebenzi owenziwayo). Xa zisetyenziswa ngokudityaniswa ne-unwinders, zenza imathiriyeli ebhityileyo yeetanki zocweyo ziphela, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-21'6″ ububanzi. Umaleko ongaphezulu wetanki edayamitha enkulu efakelwe kwintsimi unokuba neweld enye ethe nkqo endaweni yeepleyiti ezintathu okanye ngaphezulu.
Kwakhona, inzuzo enkulu yokuqengqeleka ngokuthe nkqo kwiimeko apho itanki okanye inqanawa idinga ukwakhiwa ngokuthe tye ngenxa yefuthe lomxhuzulane kwizinto ezincinci (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1/4 "okanye 5/16" umzekelo). Ukuveliswa kwe-Horizontal kuya kufuna ukusetyenziswa kweendandatho zokuqinisa okanye izindandatho zokuzinzisa ukulungisa imilo ejikelezayo yeengxenye eziqengqelekayo.
Inzuzo yokwenene yeerola ezithe nkqo ilele ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwezinto eziphathekayo. Ukusetyenziswa okuncinci okufuneka ukwenze kunye nomzimba, kuya kuba lula ukonakala kunye nokusebenza kwakhona. Qwalasela imfuno ephezulu yamatanki entsimbi engatyiwayo kwishishini lamachiza, elixakeke kakhulu kunangaphambili. Ukuphatha rhabaxa kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zokuzihombisa okanye okubi ngakumbi, umonakalo kwi-passivation layer kunye nokungcoliseka kwemveliso. Iiroli ezithe nkqo zisebenza ngokuhambelana nokusika, ukuwelda kunye neenkqubo zokugqiba ukunciphisa ithuba lokuxhaphaza kunye nokungcoliseka. Xa oku kusenzeka, abavelisi banokuzuza kuyo.
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Ixesha lokuposa: May-07-2023