Umbono ka-Anish Kapoor womfanekiso oqingqiweyo weSango leLifu eMillennium Park yaseChicago ufana nemekyuri elulwelo, ebonisa ngokubonakalayo isixeko esisingqongileyo. Ukufezekisa oku kupheleleyo ngumsebenzi wothando.
“Into ebendifuna ukuyenza ngeMillennium Park kukwenza into elinganisa isibhakabhaka saseChicago… ukuze abantu babone amafu ebaleka kwaye ezi zakhiwo zide kakhulu zibonakala emsebenzini. Kwaye ke, ngokuba kusesangweni. Ifom, umthathi-nxaxheba, umbukeli uya kukwazi ukungena kweli gumbi linzulu kakhulu, nto leyo ngandlela-thile iyenzayo ekubonakalisweni komntu into eyenziwa yimbonakalo yomsebenzi ekubonakalisweni kwesixeko esijikelezileyo. Anish Kapoor, Cloud Gate umkroli
Ukusuka nje kumphezulu ozolileyo womfanekiso oqingqiweyo wentsimbi enkulu, kuya kuba nzima ukuthelekelela ukuba ingakanani na intsimbi kunye namathumbu ahleli ngaphantsi komhlaba. I-Cloud Gate iqulethe amabali angaphezu kwe-100 abenzi bentsimbi, abasiki, abashicileli, abagqibayo, iinjineli, amagcisa, iifayitha, abafaki kunye nabaphathi - ngaphezulu kweminyaka emihlanu kusenziwa.
Abaninzi basebenze iiyure ezinde, basebenza kwiindibano zocweyo ezinzulwini zobusuku, bamisa iinkampu kwiindawo zokwakha kwaye basebenza kubushushu obuyi-110-degree benxibe iisuti ezipheleleyo zeTyvek® hazmat kunye nesiqingatha sokuphefumla imaski. Abanye basebenza kwiindawo ezichasene nomxhuzulane, benezixhobo ezixhonywe kwiintambo zokubopha, kwaye basebenza kwiindawo ezimtyibilizi. Yonke into ihamba kancinci (kwaye ikude ngaphaya) ukwenza okungenakwenzeka.
Inobunzima obuziitoni eziyi-110, iifithi ezingama-66 ubude kunye neemitha ezingama-33 ubude, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wentsimbi engatyiwayo, equka umkroli u-Anish Kapoor wengqikelelo yengqikelelo yamafu anyukayo, ngumsebenzi wePerformance Structures Inc., ifemu yokuvelisa. (PSI), Oakland, California, kunye ne-MTH. KwiMishini, eVilla Park, eIllinois. Kwisikhumbuzo sayo se-120th, i-MTH yenye yezona zinto zindala zentsimbi kunye neekontraka zeglasi kwindawo yaseChicago.
Ukufezekisa iimfuno zeprojekthi kuya kufuna ukusebenza kobugcisa, ubuchule, ulwazi ngoomatshini kunye nobuchule bokwenza iinkampani zombini. Benza ukuodola kwaye bade benza izixhobo zeprojekthi.
Ezinye zeengxaki zeprojekthi zazinxulumene nokumila kwayo okugophe ngendlela engaqhelekanga – inkaba okanye inkaba ejijekileyo – kwaye ezinye kubukhulu bayo obukhulu. Umfanekiso oqingqiweyo, owakhiwe ziinkampani ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo eziqelelene ngamawaka eekhilomitha, udale iingxaki zendlela kunye nesimbo. Iinkqubo ezininzi ekufuneka zenziwe ebaleni kunzima ukuzenza kumgangatho wevenkile, singasathethi ke ebaleni. Ubunzima obuninzi buvela ngenxa yokuba ezo zakhiwo azizange zidalwe ngaphambili, ngoko akukho zikhombisi, akukho mizobo, akukho mephu yendlela.
U-Ethan Silva we-PSI unamava abanzi ekuqulunqeni, okokuqala kwiinqanawa kwaye kamva kwezinye iiprojekthi zobugcisa, kwaye ufanelekile ngokukodwa kumsebenzi wokuqulunqa. U-Anish Kapoor wacela isidanga seFiziksi kunye noBugcisa ukuba anike imodeli encinci.
“Ngoko ndenza i-2m by 3m piece, iqhekeza eligophe ngokwenene, eligudisiweyo, laze lathi, ‘Owu, uyenzile, nguwe wedwa oyenzileyo,’ kuba ebejonge iminyaka emibini. Yiza, ucele umntu ukuba ayenze, ”utshilo uSilva.
Isicwangciso sokuqala yayikukuba i-PSI yenze kwaye yakhe umfanekiso oqingqiweyo ngokupheleleyo kwaye emva koko uwuthumele ngokupheleleyo kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, ukudlula kwiPanama Canal, emantla kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki kunye nokudlula kuLwandle lwaseSt. EMichigan, ngokutsho komlawuli olawulayo. U-Edward's Millennium Park Corporation, inkqubo yokuthutha eyilwe ngokukodwa iya kumsa eMillennium Park, utshilo u-Ulliel. Izithintelo zexesha kunye nokusebenza kunyanzelise utshintsho kwezi zicwangciso. Ngoko iipaneli ezigobileyo kwakufuneka zilungiselelwe ukuthutha kwaye emva koko ziloriwe ukuya eChicago, apho i-MTH yahlanganisa i-substructure kunye ne-superstructure kwaye idibanisa iipaneli kwi-superstructure.
Ukugqiba kunye nokupholisha ii-welds zeSango leMafu ukuze zibonakale zingenamthungo yayiyenye yezona zinto zinzima kakhulu zokufakela kunye nokuhlanganisana kwisiza. Inkqubo ye-12-step igqityiwe ngokusetyenziswa kwe-blush ekhanyayo, efana ne-jewelry polish.
"Ngokwenene, sisebenze kule projekthi, senze ezi nxalenye malunga neminyaka emithathu," kusho uSilva. “Lo ngumsebenzi onzima. Kuthatha ixesha elininzi ukufumanisa indlela yokwenza kunye nokwenza iinkcukacha; uyazi, ngokugqibeleleyo. Indlela yethu, esebenzisa itekhnoloji yekhompyuter kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwesinyithi kwakudala, yindibaniselwano yobuchwephesha bokubumba kunye ne-aerospace. "
Ngokutsho kwakhe, kunzima ukwenza into enkulu kwaye inzima ngokuchaneka okuphezulu. Awona macwecwe makhulu ayenomlinganiselo weenyawo ezisi-7 ububanzi kunye neemitha ezili-11 ubude kwaye anobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-1,500.
"Ukwenza wonke umsebenzi weCAD kunye nokudala imizobo yevenkile yokwenyani yale mveliso yayiyiprojekthi enkulu ngokwayo," utsho uSilva. “Sisebenzisa itekhnoloji yekhompyuter ukulinganisa iipleyiti kunye nokuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo imilo kunye nokugoba kwazo ukuze zihlangane ngokuchanekileyo.
“Senze ukulinganisa kwekhompyuter emva koko sahlukana,” utshilo uSilva. "Ndisebenzise amava am ekwakhiweni kweqokobhe kwaye ndifumanise ukuba ndingahlula njani ukubumba ukuze imigca yomthungo isebenze ukuze sifumane ezona ziphumo zisemgangathweni."
Ezinye iipleyiti zisikwere kwaye ezinye zimile okwephayi. Okukhona besondele kwinguqu ebukhali, kokukhona bemile okwephayi kwaye kokukhona besikhulu iradiyasi yotshintsho lweradial. Phezulu zithe tyaba kwaye zikhulu.
Ukusika i-Plasma nge-1/4 ukuya kwi-3/8 intshi ubukhulu be-316L yensimbi engenasici yomelele ngokwaneleyo ngokwayo, utshilo uSilva. “Owona mceli mngeni yayikukunika iipleyiti ezinkulu ukugoba okuthe ngqo. Oku kwenziwa ngokuyilwa ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuveliswa kwenkqubo yeembambo zepleyiti nganye. Oku kusivumele ukuba siqonde ngokuchanekileyo imilo yepleyiti nganye.”
Amaphepha agqitywe kwii-3D rolls eziyilwe kwaye zenziwe yi-PSI ngokukodwa ukuqengqeleka la maphepha (jonga umfanekiso 1). “Ngumzala womkhenkce wamaNgesi. Siziqengqa sisebenzisa ubuchule obufana nokwenza amaphiko,” utshilo uSilva. Bend ishidi ngalinye ngokulihambisa ngasemva naphambili kwi-roller, ulungelelanise uxinzelelo kwii-roller de kube ishidi lingaphakathi kwe-0.01 "yesayizi oyifunayo. Ngokutsho kwakhe, ukuchaneka okuphezulu okufunekayo kwenza kube nzima ukwenza iiplate ngokufanelekileyo.
I-welders ke idibanisa ipleyiti egobileyo kwisakhiwo sangaphakathi se-ribbed system usebenzisa i-flux cores. “Ngokoluvo lwam, ukufunxwa kwe-flux yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwenza i-welds yesakhiwo kwintsimbi engenasici,” kuchaza uSilva. "Ihambisa iiwelds ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ijolise kwimveliso kwaye ibonakala ilungile."
Yonke indawo yeebhodi ifakwe isanti ngesandla kwaye ifakwe ngomatshini ukuze inqunyulwe kwiwaka elifunekayo le-intshi echanekileyo ukuze zihambelane ngokugqibeleleyo (jonga uMfanekiso 2). Qinisekisa imilinganiselo ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuskena ngelaser. Ekugqibeleni, ibhodi ipholishelwe kwisibuko kwaye igqunywe ngefilimu ekhuselayo.
Malunga nesinye kwisithathu seepaneli, kunye nesiseko kunye nesakhiwo sangaphakathi, zafakwa kwindibano yesilingo ngaphambi kokuba iipaneli zithunyelwe zisuka e-Auckland (jonga amanani 3 kunye ne-4). Inkqubo yokuxhoma iipleyiti yayicwangcisiwe kwaye iiwelds zenziwe kwezinye iipleyiti ezincinci ukuze zibambisane. “Ngoko xa siyidibanisa eChicago, besisazi ukuba iya kulunga,” utshilo uSilva.
Ubushushu, ixesha kunye nokungcangcazela kwetroli kunokubangela ukuba imveliso eqengqelekisiweyo ikhululeke. I-mesh ye-ribbed yenzelwe nje ukwandisa ukuqina kwebhodi, kodwa nokugcina imilo yebhodi ngexesha lokuthutha.
Ngoko ke, iiplati ziphantsi konyango lokushisa kunye nokupholisa ukwenzela ukukhulula uxinzelelo lwezinto eziphathekayo ngokuqinisa i-mesh ukusuka ngaphakathi. Ukuthintela ngakumbi umonakalo ngexesha lokuthutha, izibiyeli zenziwa kwibhodi nganye zize zilayishwe kwizikhongozeli malunga nezine ngexesha.
Izikhongozeli zaye zalayishwa kwii-semi-trailers, malunga nezine ngexesha, kwaye zathunyelwa e-Chicago kunye nabasebenzi be-PSI ukuze bafakwe kunye nabasebenzi be-MTH. Omnye ngumsebenzi wezothutho olungelelanisa ezothutho, kwaye omnye yintloko yobugcisa yesiza. Usebenza yonke imihla nabasebenzi be-MTH kwaye unceda ukuphuhlisa itekhnoloji entsha njengoko kufuneka. "Ngokuqinisekileyo, wayeyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yenkqubo," kusho uSilva.
UMongameli we-MTH uLyle Hill uthi i-MTH Industries ekuqaleni yayinikwe umsebenzi wokubambelela kwi-ethereal sculpture emhlabeni kwaye ifake i-superstructure, emva koko iipleyiti ze-welding kuyo kwaye zenze isanti yokugqibela kunye nokupholisha, kunye ne-PSI inikezela ngesikhokelo sobugcisa. Ukugqiba umzobo kwakuthetha ubugcisa. Ukulungelelana nokuziqhelanisa, ithiyori kunye nokuziqhelanisa, ixesha elifunekayo kunye nexesha elicwangcisiweyo.
U-Lou Czerny, usekela mongameli wezobunjineli kunye nomphathi weprojekthi kwi-MTH, uthe wayenomdla kakhulu kule projekthi. “Ngokolwazi lwethu, zininzi izinto ezenzekileyo kule projekthi ingazange yenziwe okanye iqwalaselwe ngaphambili,” utshilo uCzerny.
Kodwa ukuphuhlisa uhlobo lwayo lokuqala kufuna ubuchule be-deft kwindawo yokuphendula iingxaki ezingalindelekanga kwaye uphendule imibuzo evela endleleni:
Uzifakela njani iipaneli zentsimbi ye-128 yobungakanani bemoto kwi-superstructure esisigxina ngononophelo? Indlela yokuthengisa ii-flexbeans ezinkulu ngaphandle kokuthembela kuyo? Ungangena njani kwi-weld ngaphandle kokukwazi ukuwelda ukusuka ngaphakathi? Indlela yokufezekisa ukugqiba kwesibuko esigqibeleleyo se-welds yensimbi engenasici kwintsimi? Kwenzeka ntoni xa ubethwa ngumbane?
UCzerny uthe into yokuqala ebonisa ukuba le yayiza kuba ngumngeni okhethekileyo kuxa kwaqaliswa ukwakhiwa nokufakwa kweqonga leeponti ezingama-30,000. Isakhiwo sentsimbi esixhasa umzobo.
Nangona ukwenziwa kwentsimbi ephezulu ye-zinc ebonelelwe yi-PSI ukudibanisa isiseko solwakhiwo kulula, isakhelo sikwisiqingatha sendawo yokutyela kunye nesiqingatha sendawo yokupaka iimoto, nganye ikumphakamo owahlukileyo.
“Ngoko isiseko luhlobo lwe-cantilevered, luyashukuma ngaxeshanye,” utshilo uCzerny. "Apho sifake uninzi lwale ntsimbi, kubandakanya nokuqala komsebenzi we-slab, kuye kwafuneka ukuba siqhube i-crane kumngxuma oziimitha ezi-5 ubunzulu."
U-Czerny uthe basebenzise isixokelelwano se-ankile esiphucuke kakhulu, kubandakanywa inkqubo yokulinganisa ngoomatshini efana naleyo isetyenziswa emigodini yamalahle kunye nezinye iiankile zekhemikhali. Emva kokuba i-substructure yensimbi ifakwe kwikhonkrithi, i-superstructure kufuneka ifakwe apho igobolondo iya kuhlonyelwa.
"Saqala ngokufaka inkqubo ye-truss kunye neentsimbi ezimbini ezinkulu ze-304 ze-O-intsimbi-enye ekupheleni kwesakhiwo kunye neyomzantsi," kusho uCzerny (jonga uMzobo 3). Izangqa ziboshwe nge-intersecting tubular trusses. I-subframe ye-ring core ihlulwe kwaye ifakwe kwi-bolt endaweni usebenzisa i-GMAW kunye ne-electrode welding reinforcements.
“Ngoko kukho esi sakhiwo sikhulu kangaka singazange sabonwa mntu; konke kungenxa yesakhelo solwakhiwo,” utshilo uCzerny.
Ngaphandle kweenzame zokuyila, ubunjineli, ukuyila kunye nokufakela onke amacandelo afunekayo kwiprojekthi yase-Oakland, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo wawungazange ubonwe ngaphambili, kwaye iindlela ezintsha zihlala zikhatshwa yi-burrs kunye nemikrwelo. Ngokufanayo, ukubhanqa iikhonsepthi zokwenziwa kwenkampani enye kunye nenye akulula njengokudlula ikhuni. Ukongeza, umgama obonakalayo phakathi kweesayithi ukhokelela ekulibazisekeni kokuhanjiswa, okwenza imveliso ethile kwisiza ibe nengqiqo.
"Nangona indibano kunye neenkqubo zokuwelda zaziyilwe kwangaphambili e-Auckland, iimeko zesiza zifuna wonke umntu abe nobuchule," utshilo uSilva. "Kwaye abasebenzi bombutho bahle ngokwenene."
Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala, umsebenzi ophambili we-MTH yayikukumisela ukuba yintoni efunekayo kumsebenzi wosuku, kunye nendlela engcono yokwenza amanye amacandelo afunekayo ukwakha i-subframe, kunye nezinye ze-struts, "izothuso", iingalo, izikhonkwane. , kwaye, njengoko watshoyo u-Hill, i-pogo sticks. zazifuneka ukudala inkqubo yecala yethutyana.
“Yinkqubo eqhubekayo, ukuyila kunye nokuvelisa ngokubhabha ukugcina yonke into ihamba kwaye ifike ebaleni ngokukhawuleza. Sichitha ixesha elininzi sihlela into esinayo, kwezinye iimeko siyila ngokutsha kwaye siyiyila ngokutsha, emva koko senze iindawo eziyimfuneko.
“NgoLwesibini nje siza kuba nezinto ezili-10 ekufuneka sibe nazo ebaleni ngoLwesithathu,” utshilo u-Hill. “Sinexesha elongezelelekileyo kwaye uninzi lomsebenzi owenziwa evenkileni wenziwa ezinzulwini zobusuku.”
Malunga neepesenti ezingama-75 zeendibano ezisecaleni zenziwa okanye zilungiswe kwindawo,” utshilo uCzerny. “Kwakukho amaxesha ambalwa esasiwenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku. Ndandisevenkileni kwade kwabetha intsimbi yesi-2 okanye eyesi-3 kusasa ndaza ndagoduka ngo-5:30 kusasa, ndahlamba, ndathabatha loo nto, ndisemanzi. ”
Inkqubo yokunqunyanyiswa okwethutyana ye-MTN esetyenziselwa ukudibanisa inqanawa ibandakanya izipringi, iintambo kunye neentambo. Onke amajoyina phakathi kwamacwecwe adityaniswe okwethutyana ngeebholiti. "Ngoko ke sonke isakhiwo sidityaniswe ngoomatshini, sinqunyanyiswe ngaphakathi ngamatrasi angama-304," utshilo uCzerny.
Saqala ngedome emazantsi omfanekiso oqingqiweyo wenkaba - "inkaba ngaphakathi kwenkaba." Idome ixhonywe kwiitrasi kusetyenziswa inkqubo yethutyana yenkxaso yespring spring yamanqaku amane, ebandakanya ukuxhoma, iintambo kunye nesprings. Njengoko iibhodi ezininzi zongezwa, imithombo ibe "isipho," kusho uCzerny. Imithombo ke ihlengahlengiswa ngokusekelwe kubunzima obongezelelweyo bepleyiti nganye ukulinganisa yonke into eqingqiweyo.
Ibhodi nganye ye-168 inokumiswa kwayo kwamanqaku amane kunye nenkqubo yasentwasahlobo, ngoko ke ngabanye baxhaswa kwindawo. "Ingcamango ayikokugxininisa nokuba kukuphi na kwamalungu njengoko edityaniswe ne-0/0 gap," utshilo uCzerny. "Ukuba ibhodi ibetha ibhodi engaphantsi inokukhokelela kwimfazwe kunye nezinye iingxaki."
Ubungqina bokuchaneka kwe-PSI kukulunga kwayo okugqwesileyo kwaye akukho mva. “I-PSI yenze umsebenzi oncomekayo ekwenzeni ezi pilisi,” utshilo uCzerny. “Ndibazukisa kuba, ekugqibeleni, ufanelekile ngokwenene. Ukulingana bekukuhle ngenene nto leyo imnandi kum. Sithetha ngokoqobo malunga namawaka e-intshi. .”
“Xa begqiba ukuhlanganisana, abantu abaninzi babecinga ukuba yenziwe,” utsho uSilva, kungekuphela nje ngenxa yemithungo eqinileyo, kodwa nangenxa yokuba inxalenye edityaniswe ngokupheleleyo kunye neepaneli zayo ezikhazimliswe ngononophelo zenze iqhinga. iindawo eziyingqongileyo. Kodwa i-butt seam iyabonakala, i-mercury engamanzi ayinayo i-seams. Ukongeza, umfanekiso oqingqiweyo usafuneka ukuba udityaniswe ngokupheleleyo ukugcina ingqibelelo yesakhiwo kwizizukulwana ezizayo, utshilo uSilva.
Ukugqitywa kwe-Cloud Gate kuye kwafuneka kulibaziseke ngexesha lokuvulwa okukhulu kwepaki ngokwindla ka-2004, ngoko ke i-omphalus yayisisithintelo se-GTAW, yiyo loo nto yahlala iinyanga.
“Unokubona amachaphaza amancinane amdaka macala onke kwisakhiwo ebezintsimbi ze-TIG,” utshilo uCzerny. “Siqale ukugxumeka iintente kwakhona ngoJanuwari.”
"Umngeni omkhulu olandelayo wemveliso kule projekthi yayiyi-welding seams ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngokuchanekileyo kwefom ngenxa ye-weld shrinkage," kusho uSilva.
NgokukaCzerny, ukuwelda kweplasma kunikeze amandla ayimfuneko kunye nokuqina kunye nomngcipheko omncinci kwiphepha. Umxube we-98% ye-argon kunye ne-2% ye-helium iyona nto ingcono ekunciphiseni ukungcola kunye nokuphucula ukunyibilika.
I-welders isebenzise indlela ye-keyhole ye-plasma welding usebenzisa umthombo wamandla we-Thermal Arc® kunye ne-trekta ekhethekileyo kunye ne-torch assembly eyenzelwe kwaye isetyenziswe yi-PSI.
Ixesha lokuposa: Feb-04-2023