Ukusetyenziswa kweglasi encinci ithembisa ukuzalisekisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo kwishishini lokwakha. Ukongeza kwiinzuzo zokusingqongileyo zokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwezibonelelo, abakhi bezakhiwo banokusebenzisa iglasi encinci ukuphumeza amanqanaba amatsha enkululeko yoyilo. Ngokusekwe kwithiyori yesandwich, iglasi ethambileyo ethambileyo inokudityaniswa kunye ne-3D eprintiweyo ye-polymer evulekileyo yeseli ukuze yenze ingqongqo kwaye ikhaphukhaphu.
izinto ezidityanisiweyo. Eli nqaku libonisa umzamo wokuhlola wokwenziwa kwedijithali kweephaneli zeglasi ezicekethekileyo ze-façade zisebenzisa iirobhothi zamashishini. Icacisa ingqikelelo yedijithali yokuhamba kwefektri ukuya kumzi-mveliso, kubandakanya uyilo oluncediswa yikhompyuter (CAD), ubunjineli (CAE), kunye nokuvelisa (CAM). Uphononongo lubonisa inkqubo yokuyila i-parametric eyenza ukuhlanganiswa okungenamthungo kwezixhobo zokuhlalutya idijithali.
Ukongeza, le nkqubo ibonisa amandla kunye nemiceli mngeni yokuvelisa ngedijithali iipaneli ezidibeneyo zeglasi. Amanye amanyathelo okuvelisa enziwa yingalo yerobhothi yoshishino, njengokwenziwa kwefomathi enkulu yokongeza, umatshini womphezulu, ukuncamathelisa kunye neenkqubo zokuhlanganisa, zichazwe apha. Ekugqibeleni, ngokokuqala ngqa, ukuqonda okunzulu kweepropathi zemishini yeepaneli ezidibeneyo zifunyenwe ngovavanyo kunye nezifundo zamanani kunye novavanyo lweempawu zemishini yeepaneli ezidibeneyo phantsi kokulayisha phezulu. Ingqikelelo iyonke yoyilo lwedijithali kunye nokuhamba komsebenzi wokwenziwa, kunye neziphumo zezifundo zovavanyo, zibonelela ngesiseko sokuqhubeka nokudityaniswa kwenkcazo yemilo kunye neendlela zokuhlalutya, kunye nokuqhuba izifundo ezibanzi zobuchwephesha kwizifundo ezizayo.
Iindlela zokwenziwa kwedijithali zisivumela ukuba siphucule imveliso ngokuguqula iindlela zemveli kunye nokubonelela ngamathuba oyilo olutsha [1]. Iindlela zokwakha zesiNtu zikholisa ukusebenzisa izinto ngokugqithisileyo ngokwexabiso, ijometri esisiseko, kunye nokhuseleko. Ngokuhambisa ulwakhiwo kwiifektri, usebenzisa i-modular prefabrication kunye ne-robotics ukuphumeza iindlela ezintsha zokuyila, izinto eziphathekayo zinokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukhuseleko. Ukwenziwa kwedijithali kusivumela ukuba sandise intelekelelo yethu yoyilo ukuze senze iintlobo ngeentlobo zeemilo zejiyometri ezisebenzayo nezinebhongo. Ngelixa uyilo kunye neenkqubo zokubala zifakwe kwidijithali ubukhulu becala, ukwenziwa kunye nokudibanisa kusenziwa ubukhulu becala ngesandla ngeendlela zemveli. Ukumelana nolwakhiwo olukhulayo lwefomu yasimahla, iinkqubo zokwenziwa kwedijithali ziya zibaluleka ngakumbi. Umnqweno wenkululeko kunye nokuguquguquka koyilo, ngakumbi xa kufikwa kwii-facades, ukhula ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukongeza kwisiphumo esibonakalayo, iifacade zefom yasimahla zikuvumela ukuba wenze izakhiwo ezisebenzayo ngakumbi, umzekelo, ngokusetyenziswa kweziphumo zemembrane [2]. Ukongeza, amandla amakhulu eenkqubo zokwenziwa kwedijithali kusekugqibeleni kwabo kunye nokwenzeka kokwenziwa koyilo.
Eli nqaku liphonononga indlela itekhnoloji yedijithali enokuthi isetyenziswe ngayo ukuyila kunye nokwenza ipaneli ye-façade ehlanganisiweyo edibanisa i-polymer eyongeziweyo engundoqo kunye neepaneli zeglasi ezincinci ezidityanisiweyo zangaphandle. Ukongeza kumathuba amatsha okwakha ahambelana nokusetyenziswa kweglasi encinci, imigaqo yokusingqongileyo kunye nezoqoqosho nayo ibe yintshukumisa ebalulekileyo yokusebenzisa izinto ezincinci zokwakha imvulophu yokwakha. Ngokutshintsha kwemozulu, ukunqongophala kwezixhobo kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso amandla kwixesha elizayo, iglasi kufuneka isetyenziswe ngobukrelekrele. Ukusetyenziswa kweglasi encinci engaphantsi kwe-2 mm ubukhulu ukusuka kwishishini le-elektroniki kwenza i-façade ibe lula kwaye inciphise ukusetyenziswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada.
Ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphezulu kweglasi encinci, ivula amathuba amatsha kwizicelo zezakhiwo kwaye kwangaxeshanye ibeka imingeni yobunjineli entsha [3,4,5,6]. Ngelixa ukuphunyezwa kwangoku kweeprojekthi ze-facade esebenzisa iglasi ecekethekileyo kulinganiselwe, iglasi ebhityileyo iya isetyenziswa ngakumbi kubunjineli boluntu kunye nezifundo zoyilo. Ngenxa yobuchule obuphezulu beglasi ebhityileyo kwi-elastic deformation, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwiifacade kufuna izisombululo eziqinisiweyo zesakhiwo [7]. Ukongeza ekusebenziseni isiphumo se-membrane ngenxa yejiyometri egobileyo, umzuzu we-inertia unokunyuswa ngolwakhiwo lwe-multilayer olubandakanya undoqo wepolymer kunye nephepha elingaphandle leglasi elincangathi. Le ndlela ibonise isithembiso ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe-polycarbonate core elukhuni ecacileyo, engaphantsi kweglasi. Ukongeza kwisenzo esilungileyo somatshini, iindlela zokhuseleko ezongezelelweyo zidibene [9].
Indlela kolu phando lulandelayo isekwe kwingqikelelo efanayo, kodwa kusetyenziswa undoqo we-translucent owenziweyo wongeziweyo. Oku kuqinisekisa iqondo eliphezulu lenkululeko yejometri kunye namathuba oyilo, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwemisebenzi yomzimba yesakhiwo [10]. Iiphaneli ezinjalo ezidibeneyo zibonakalise ukuba zisebenza ngakumbi kuvavanyo lomatshini [11] kwaye zithembisa ukunciphisa ubungakanani beglasi esetyenziswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-80%. Oku akuyi kunciphisa kuphela izibonelelo ezifunekayo, kodwa kwakhona ukunciphisa kakhulu ubunzima beepaneli, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-substructure. Kodwa iindlela ezintsha zokwakha zifuna iindlela ezintsha zokuvelisa. Izakhiwo ezisebenzayo zifuna iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokuvelisa. Uyilo lwedijithali lunegalelo kwimveliso yedijithali. Eli nqaku liqhubeka nophando lwangaphambili lombhali ngokubonisa isifundo senkqubo yokwenziwa kwedijithali yeepaneli zeglasi ezibhityileyo ezihlanganisiweyo zeerobhothi zoshishino. Ugxininiso lusekhompyutheni ukuhamba kwefayile ukuya kwifektri yeprototypes yokuqala enkulu yokwandisa ukuzenzekelayo kwenkqubo yokuvelisa.
Iphaneli ehlanganisiweyo (Umfanekiso 1) iqulathe izigqubuthelo zeglasi ezimbini ezicekethekileyo ezisongelwe kwi-AM polymer core. Amacandelo amabini adityaniswe neglue. Injongo yolu yilo kukusabalalisa umthwalo phezu kwecandelo lonke ngokufanelekileyo ngokusemandleni. Amaxesha okugoba adala uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo kwiqokobhe. Amandla e-lateral abangela uxinzelelo lwe-chear kwi-core kunye ne-adhesive joints.
Umaleko wangaphandle wesakhiwo sesandwich wenziwe ngeglasi encinci. Ngokomgaqo, iglasi ye-soda-lime silicate iya kusetyenziswa. Ngobunzima obujoliswe kuyo <2 mm, inkqubo ye-thermal tempering ifikelela kumda wangoku wezobuchwepheshe. Iglasi ye-aluminosilicate eyomelezwe ngokwekhemikhali inokugqalwa ifanelekile ngokukodwa ukuba amandla aphezulu afuneka ngenxa yoyilo (umz. iiphaneli ezigoqiweyo ezibandayo) okanye ukusetyenziswa [12]. Ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kunye nemisebenzi yokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo iya kuncediswa ziipropati ezilungileyo zoomatshini ezifana nokuchasana nokukrweleka okuhle kunye nemodyuli ephezulu ye-Young xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswa kwii-composites. Ngenxa yobungakanani obunyiniweyo obukhoyo beglasi ecekethekileyo eyomelezwe ngokwekhemikhali, iiphaneli zeglasi epholileyo eyi-3 mm engqindilili yesoda yekalika ziye zasetyenziswa ukwenza iprototype yokuqala enkulu.
Isakhiwo esixhasayo sithathwa njengenxalenye emile yepaneli edibeneyo. Phantse zonke iimpawu ziyachatshazelwa yiyo. Ngombulelo kwindlela yokuvelisa ezongezelelweyo, ikwayimbindi yenkqubo yokwenziwa kwedijithali. I-Thermoplastics icutshungulwa ngokuxutywa. Oku kwenza kube lula ukusebenzisa inani elikhulu leepolima ezahlukeneyo kwizicelo ezithile. I-topology yezinto eziphambili zinokuyilwa ngogxininiso oluhlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kumsebenzi wabo. Ngale njongo, uyilo lokumila lunokwahlulwa lube ziindidi zoyilo ezine zilandelayo: uyilo lwesakhiwo, uyilo olusebenzayo, uyilo lobuhle, kunye noyilo lwemveliso. Uluhlu ngalunye lunokuba neenjongo ezahlukeneyo, ezinokukhokelela kwii-topology ezahlukeneyo.
Ngexesha lophononongo lokuqala, ezinye zezoyilo eziphambili zavavanywa ukufaneleka koyilo lwazo [11]. Ukusuka kumbono womatshini, ubuncinci bexesha lesithathu lesiseko se-gyroscope sisebenza ngakumbi. Oku kubonelela ukuxhathisa okuphezulu koomatshini ukugoba kusetyenziso lwezinto eziphantsi. Ukongeza kulwakhiwo olusisiseko lweeseli eziveliswe kwakhona kwimimandla engaphezulu, i-topology inokuveliswa ngezinye iindlela zokufumana imilo. Isizukulwana somgca woxinzelelo yenye yeendlela ezinokwenzeka zokwandisa ukuqina kobona bunzima buphantsi [13]. Nangona kunjalo, i-honeycomb structure, esetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-sandwich yokwakha, isetyenziswe njengesiqalo sokuphuhliswa komgca wokuvelisa. Le fom esisiseko ikhokelela kwinkqubela phambili ekhawulezayo kwimveliso, ngakumbi ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-toolpath elula. Ukuziphatha kwayo kwiipaneli ezihlanganisiweyo kufundwe ngokubanzi [14, 15, 16] kwaye inkangeleko ingatshintshwa ngeendlela ezininzi ngeparameterization kwaye ingasetyenziselwa iikhonsepthi zokuqala zokuphucula.
Kukho iipolymers ezininzi ze-thermoplastic ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha i-polymer, kuxhomekeke kwinkqubo yokukhupha esetyenzisiweyo. Izifundo zokuqala zokuqala zezinto ezincinci ezincinci ziye zanciphisa inani leepolymers ezithathwa njengezilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiifacades [11]. I-Polycarbonate (PC) iyathembisa ngenxa yokumelana nobushushu, ukuxhathisa kwe-UV kunye nokuqina okuphezulu. Ngenxa yotyalo-mali olongezelelweyo lobugcisa kunye nemali efunekayo ukuze kuqhutywe i-polycarbonate, i-ethylene glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG) yayisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iiprototypes zokuqala. Kulula ngakumbi ukusetyenzwa kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kunye nomngcipheko ophantsi woxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye nokuguqulwa kwecandelo. Iprototype eboniswe apha yenziwe kwi-PETG esetyenzisiweyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-PIPG. Izinto eziphathekayo zomiswe kwangaphambili kwi-60 ° C ubuncinane ubuncinane be-4 h kwaye zicutshungulwe kwiigranules kunye ne-glass fiber content ye-20% [17].
I-adhesive inika ibhondi eyomeleleyo phakathi kwesakhiwo se-polymer core kunye nesivalo esincinci seglasi. Xa iipaneli ezidibeneyo zixhomekeke kwimithwalo egobayo, i-adhesive joints iphantsi koxinzelelo lwe-shear. Ngoko ke, i-adhesive eqinile iyakhethwa kwaye inokunciphisa ukuphambuka. Izincamathelisi ezicacileyo zikwanceda ukunika umgangatho ophezulu wokubonwa xa ubotshelelwe kwiglasi ecacileyo. Enye into ebalulekileyo xa ukhetha i-adhesive yi-manufacturability kunye nokudibanisa kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa ngokuzenzekelayo. Apha izinto zokuncamathelisa ze-UV ezinamaxesha aguquguqukayo okuphilisa zinokwenza lula kakhulu ukuma kweeleya zekhava. Ngokusekwe kuvavanyo lwangaphambili, uthotho lwezinto ezincamathelayo zavavanywa ukufaneleka kwazo kwiipaneli zeglasi ezicekethekileyo ezihlanganisiweyo [18]. I-Loctite® AA 3345™ i-acrylate enyangekayo ye-UV [19] ibonakalise ukuba ifanelekile ngokukodwa kule nkqubo ilandelayo.
Ukuthatha inzuzo yamathuba okuvelisa okongeziweyo kunye nokuguquguquka kweglasi encinci, yonke inkqubo yenzelwe ukusebenza ngedijithali kunye neparametrically. I-Grasshopper isetyenziswa njengojongano lwenkqubo olubonakalayo, inqanda ujongano phakathi kweenkqubo ezahlukeneyo. Zonke iinkalo (ubunjineli, ubunjineli kunye nokuvelisa) ziya kuxhasa kwaye zincedisane kwifayile enye kunye nengxelo ethe ngqo evela kumqhubi. Ngeli nqanaba lophando, ukuhamba komsebenzi kusephantsi kophuhliso kwaye ilandela iphethini eboniswe kuMzobo 2. Iinjongo ezahlukeneyo zingabandakanywa kwiindidi ngaphakathi kwezifundo.
Nangona ukuveliswa kweepaneli zesandwich kweli phepha kuye kwazenzekela ngokuyila komsebenzisi-centric kunye nokulungiswa kwemveliso, ukudibanisa kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwezixhobo zobunjineli zomntu ngamnye akuzange kufezekiswe ngokupheleleyo. Ngokusekelwe kwi-parametric design ye-facade geometry, kunokwenzeka ukuyila igobolondo yangaphandle yesakhiwo kwinqanaba le-macro (i-facade) kunye ne-meso (i-facade panels). Kwinqanaba lesibini, i-loop yengxelo yobunjineli ijolise ekuvavanyeni ukhuseleko kunye nokufaneleka kunye nokusebenza kodonga lwamakhethini. Ekugqibeleni, iipaneli ezibangelwayo zilungele ukuveliswa kwedijithali. Inkqubo iqhuba ulwakhiwo olungundoqo oluphuhlisiweyo kwikhowudi ye-G efundeka ngomatshini kwaye iyilungiselele ukuveliswa okongeziweyo, ukuthabatha emva kokulungiswa kunye nokudibanisa iglasi.
Inkqubo yoyilo iqwalaselwa kumanqanaba amabini ahlukeneyo. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba i-macro shape ye-facades ichaphazela ijometri yephaneli nganye edibeneyo, i-topology ye-core ngokwayo inokuthi yenziwe kwinqanaba le-meso. Xa usebenzisa imodeli ye-façade yeparametric, imilo kunye nokubonakala kunokuphenjelelwa ngumzekelo wamacandelo e-façade usebenzisa i-sliders eboniswe kuMzobo 3. Ngaloo ndlela, umgangatho opheleleyo uquka indawo echazwe ngumsebenzisi enokuthi ikhubazeke ngokusebenzisa iindawo ezikhangayo kwaye ziguqulelwe yi. ukucacisa ubuncinci kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokuguqulwa. Oku kubonelela ngeqondo eliphezulu lokuguquguquka kuyilo lweimvulophu zokwakha. Nangona kunjalo, eli nqanaba lenkululeko lilinganiselwe yimiqobo yobugcisa kunye nemveliso, ethi ke idlalwe yi-algorithms kwicandelo lobunjineli.
Ukongeza kubude kunye nobubanzi be-façade yonke, ulwahlulo lweepaneli ze-façade lunqunywe. Ngokubhekiselele kwiipaneli ze-façade zomntu ngamnye, zinokuchazwa ngokuchanekileyo kwinqanaba le-meso. Oku kuchaphazela i-topology ye-core structure ngokwayo, kunye nobukhulu beglasi. Ezi ziguquko zimbini, kunye nobukhulu bephaneli, zinobudlelwane obubalulekileyo kunye nemodeli yobunjineli bomatshini. Uyilo kunye nophuhliso lwalo lonke inqanaba le-macro kunye ne-meso lunokwenziwa ngokuhambelana nokulunga kwiindidi ezine zesakhiwo, umsebenzi, ubuhle kunye noyilo lwemveliso. Abasebenzisi banokuphuhlisa inkangeleko epheleleyo kunye nemvakalelo yemvulophu yokwakha ngokubeka phambili ezi ndawo.
Iprojekthi ixhaswa yinxalenye yobunjineli isebenzisa i-loop impendulo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iinjongo kunye neemeko zomda zichazwe kwicandelo lokuphucula eliboniswe kwi-Fig. 2. Banikezela ngeecorridors ezinokwenzeka ngokobuchwepheshe, ziphilile ngokwasemzimbeni, kwaye zikhuselekile ukwakha ukusuka kwindawo yokujonga ubunjineli, enempembelelo enkulu ekuyilweni. Esi sisiqalo sezixhobo ezahlukeneyo ezinokudityaniswa ngokuthe ngqo kwiNtethe. Kuphando olongezelelweyo, iipropathi zoomatshini zinokuvavanywa kusetyenziswa iFinite Element Analysis (FEM) okanye nokubalwa kohlalutyo.
Ukongeza, izifundo zemitha yelanga, uhlalutyo lwe-line-of-sight, kunye nemodeli yexesha lokukhanya kwelanga kunokuvavanya impembelelo yeepaneli ezidibeneyo kwi-physics yokwakha. Kubalulekile ukuba ungagqithisi umda wesantya, ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuguquguquka kwenkqubo yoyilo. Ngaloo ndlela, iziphumo ezifunyenwe apha zenzelwe ukubonelela ngesikhokelo esongezelelweyo kunye nenkxaso kwinkqubo yoyilo kwaye ayithathi indawo yohlalutyo olunzulu kunye nokulungiswa ekupheleni kwenkqubo yoyilo. Esi sicwangciso-qhinga sibeka isiseko sophando oluthe kratya lwecandelo lokufumana iziphumo eziqinisekisiweyo. Ngokomzekelo, kuncinci okwaziwayo malunga nokuziphatha koomatshini beepaneli ezidibeneyo phantsi komthwalo ohlukeneyo kunye neemeko zenkxaso.
Nje ukuba uyilo kunye nobunjineli bugqityiwe, imodeli ilungele ukuveliswa kwedijithali. Inkqubo yokuvelisa ihlukaniswe ngamanqanaba amane (umzobo 4). Okokuqala, ulwakhiwo oluphambili lwaye lwayilwa kusetyenziswa indawo enkulu yoshicilelo ye-robotic ye-3D. Umphezulu uye ucolwe kusetyenziswa inkqubo yerobhothi efanayo ukuphucula umgangatho womphezulu ofunekayo ukuze kuhlangane kakuhle. Emva kokugaya, i-adhesive isetyenziswa ecaleni kwesakhiwo esingundoqo kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokudosa eyilwe ngokukodwa efakwe kwinkqubo yerobhothi efanayo esetyenziselwa ukushicilela kunye nenkqubo yokugaya. Ekugqibeleni, iglasi ifakwe kwaye ibekwe ngaphambi kokunyangwa kwe-UV yejoyini edibeneyo.
Kwimveliso eyongezelelweyo, i-topology echaziweyo yesakhiwo esisezantsi kufuneka iguqulelwe kulwimi lomatshini we-CNC (GCode). Ukufumana iziphumo ezifanayo kunye nomgangatho ophezulu, injongo kukuprinta umaleko ngamnye ngaphandle kokuwa kombhobho we-extruder. Oku kuthintela ukunyanzeliswa okungafunekiyo ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwentshukumo. Ke ngoko, iskripthi esiqhubekayo sokuvelisa i-trajectory sabhalwa kwipateni yeseli esetyenziswayo. Oku kuya kudala i-parametric eqhubekayo yepolyline eneendawo ezifanayo zokuqala kunye nokuphela, ezihambelana nobukhulu bepaneli ekhethiweyo, inani kunye nobukhulu be-honeycombs njengoyilo ngalunye. Ukongezelela, iiparitha ezifana nobubanzi bomgca kunye nokuphakama komgca kunokuchazwa ngaphambi kokubeka imigca ukufezekisa ubude obufunwayo besakhiwo esiphambili. Inyathelo elilandelayo kwiscript kukubhala imiyalelo yekhowudi ye-G.
Oku kwenziwa ngokurekhoda ukulungelelaniswa kwendawo nganye kumgca kunye nolwazi olongezelelweyo lomatshini njengamanye ama-axes afanelekileyo okubeka kunye nokulawula umthamo we-extrusion. Ikhowudi ye-G enesiphumo ingagqithiselwa koomatshini bokuvelisa. Kulo mzekelo, ingalo yerobhothi ye-Comau NJ165 kwi-rail linear isetyenziselwa ukulawula i-CEAD E25 extruder ngokwe-G-code (Umfanekiso 5). Iprototype yokuqala yasebenzisa i-PETG ye-post-industrial kunye ne-glass fiber content ye-20%. Ngokumalunga nokuvavanywa komatshini, ubungakanani obujoliswe kuyo busondele kubukhulu beshishini lokwakha, ngoko ke imilinganiselo yezinto eziphambili ziyi-1983 × 876 mm kunye neeseli ze-honeycomb ze-6 × 4. 6 mm kunye ne-2 mm ukuphakama.
Iimvavanyo zokuqala zibonise ukuba kukho umahluko kumandla okuncamathelayo phakathi kokuncamathelisa kunye ne-3D resin yoshicilelo ngokuxhomekeke kwiipropati zayo. Ukwenza oku, iisampulu zovavanyo ezongezelelweyo zokwenziwa zincanyathiselwe okanye zifakwe i-laminated kwiglasi kwaye ziphantsi koxinzelelo okanye ukucheba. Ngexesha lokulungiswa komatshini kwangaphambili kwendawo yepolymer ngokugaya, amandla anda kakhulu (Umfanekiso 6). Ukongezelela, iphucula i-flatness ye-core kwaye inqande iziphene ezibangelwa ukugqithisa ngokugqithisileyo. I-UV enyangekayo LOCTITE® AA 3345™ [19] i-acrylate esetyenziswe apha inovakalelo kwiimeko zokusetyenzwa.
Oku kuhlala kubangela ukutenxa komgangatho ophezulu kwiisampulu zovavanyo lwebhondi. Emva kokuveliswa okongeziweyo, ulwakhiwo olungundoqo lwagatywa kumatshini wokugaya iprofayili. Ikhowudi ye-G efunekayo kulo msebenzi yenziwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwiindlela zesixhobo esele zenziwe ukulungiselela inkqubo yoshicilelo lwe-3D. Ulwakhiwo olungundoqo lufuna ukuprintwa phezulu kancinci kunobude obucetyiweyo. Kulo mzekelo, i-18 mm ye-core structure iyancipha ibe yi-14 mm.
Le nxalenye yenkqubo yokuvelisa ngumngeni omkhulu we-automation epheleleyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto zokuncamathelisa kubeka iimfuno eziphezulu ekuchanekeni nasekuchanekeni koomatshini. Inkqubo ye-pneumatic dosing isetyenziselwa ukusebenzisa i-adhesive ecaleni kwesakhiwo esingundoqo. Ikhokelwa yirobhothi ecaleni kwendawo yokusila ngokuhambelana nesixhobo esichaziweyo. Kuyavela ukuba ukutshintsha inqaku lemveli lokukhupha ngebrashi kunenzuzo ngakumbi. Oku kuvumela i-adhesives ye-viscosity ephantsi ukuba ihanjiswe ngokufanayo ngomthamo. Esi sixa sinqunywe ngoxinzelelo kwinkqubo kunye nesantya serobhothi. Ukuchaneka okukhulu kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wokubambisana, ukuhamba okuphantsi kwezantya ze-200 ukuya kwi-800 mm / min zikhethwa.
I-Acrylate ene-viscosity ephakathi kwe-1500 mPa * s isetyenziswe eludongeni lwe-polymer core 6 mm ububanzi usebenzisa i-brush ye-dosing kunye nobubanzi obungaphakathi be-0.84 mm kunye nobubanzi be-brush ye-5 kwi-pressure ye-0.3 ukuya kwi-0.6 mbar. mm. I-adhesive ke isasazwa phezu komhlaba we-substrate kwaye yenza umaleko obunzima obuyi-1 mm ngenxa yoxinzelelo lomphezulu. Ukuzimisela ngokuthe ngqo kobunzima bokuncamathelisa akukwazi ukuzenzekelayo. Ubude benkqubo yikhrayitheriya ebalulekileyo yokukhetha i-adhesive. Isakhiwo esingundoqo esiveliswa apha sinobude bomkhondo we-26 m kwaye ngoko ke ixesha lesicelo se-30 ukuya kwi-60 imizuzu.
Emva kokufaka i-adhesive, faka ifestile ephindwe kabini kwindawo. Ngenxa yobukhulu obuphantsi bezinto eziphathekayo, iglasi encinci sele ikhubazeke ngamandla ngenxa yobunzima bayo kwaye ngoko ke kufuneka ibekwe ngokulinganayo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kule nto, iikomityi zokufunxa iglasi ye-pneumatic ezineekomityi zokufunxa ezisasazwayo ziyasetyenziswa. Ibekwe kwicandelo usebenzisa i-crane, kwaye kwixesha elizayo linokubekwa ngokuthe ngqo usebenzisa iirobhothi. Ipleyiti yeglasi ibekwe ngokuhambelana nomphezulu wengundoqo kwi-adhesive layer. Ngenxa yobunzima obulula, ipleyiti eyongezelelweyo yeglasi (4 ukuya kwi-6 mm ubukhulu) yandisa uxinzelelo kuyo.
Isiphumo kufuneka sibe kukumanzisa okupheleleyo komphezulu weglasi ecaleni kwesakhiwo esingundoqo, njengoko kunokugwetywa kuhlolo olubonakalayo lokuqala lomahluko obonakalayo wemibala. Inkqubo yesicelo ingaba nefuthe elibalulekileyo kumgangatho wekhonkco lokugqibela. Xa sele ibotshiwe, iipaneli zeglasi akufanele zihanjiswe njengoko oku kuya kubangela i-residu ebonakalayo ebonakalayo kwiglasi kunye neziphene kwi-adhesive layer. Ekugqibeleni, i-adhesive iphiliswa ngemitha ye-UV kwi-wavelength ye-365 nm. Ukwenza oku, isibane se-UV esinamandla obuninzi be-6 mW / cm2 sidlula ngokuthe ngcembe phezu kwendawo yonke yokunamathela kwi-60 s.
Ingqikelelo yobunzima obukhaphukhaphu kunye neephaneli ezidibeneyo zeglasi ecekethekileyo edibeneyo kunye nesiseko sepolymer eyenziweyo exoxwe apha yenzelwe ukusetyenziswa kwiifaçades zexesha elizayo. Ngaloo ndlela, iiphaneli ezihlanganisiweyo kufuneka zihambelane nemigangatho esebenzayo kwaye zihlangabezane neemfuno zamazwe omlinganiselo wenkonzo (SLS), iindawo zomda wamandla okugqibela (ULS) kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko. Ngoko ke, iipaneli ezidibeneyo kufuneka zikhuseleke, zomelele, kwaye ziqine ngokwaneleyo ukumelana nemithwalo (efana nemithwalo yomhlaba) ngaphandle kokuphulwa okanye ukuguqulwa okugqithisileyo. Ukuphanda impendulo yoomatshini yeephaneli ezenziwe ngaphambili zeglasi ecekethekileyo ezihlanganisiweyo (njengoko kuchaziwe kwicandelo loVavanyo loomatshini), baye baphantsi kovavanyo lomthwalo womoya njengoko kuchaziwe kwicandelwana elilandelayo.
Injongo yovavanyo lomzimba kukufunda iipropathi zemishini yeepaneli ezihlanganisiweyo zeendonga zangaphandle phantsi kwemithwalo yomoya. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iiphaneli ezidibeneyo ezibandakanya i-3 mm ubukhulu obugcweleyo beglasi yangaphandle yeglasi kunye ne-14 mm engqindilili eyongeziweyo eyongeziweyo engundoqo (ukusuka kwi-PIPG-GF20) yenziwe njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla kusetyenziswa i-Henkel Loctite AA 3345 adhesive (Fig. 7 left). )). . Emva koko iipaneli ezidibeneyo zifakwe kwisakhelo sokuxhasa umthi kunye nezikhonkwane zetsimbi eziqhutyelwa kwisakhelo somthi kunye namacala esakhiwo esiphambili. Izikrufu ze-30 zibekwe malunga nomjikelezo wepaneli (jonga umgca omnyama ngakwesobunxele kwi-Fig. 7) ukuvelisa kwakhona iimeko zenkxaso zomgca ezijikeleze umjikelezo ngokusondeleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
Isakhelo sovavanyo saye satywinwa kudonga lovavanyo lwangaphandle ngokufaka uxinzelelo lomoya okanye ukufunxa umoya emva kwephaneli ehlanganisiweyo (Umfanekiso 7, phezulu ekunene). I-digital correlation system (DIC) isetyenziselwa ukurekhoda idatha. Ukwenza oku, iglasi yangaphandle yepaneli edibeneyo ihlanganiswe ne-elastic sheet eprintiweyo eprintiweyo kunye nephethini yomsindo wepearline (umzobo 7, ngezantsi ngakwesokudla). I-DIC isebenzisa iikhamera ezimbini ukurekhoda indawo ezalanayo yazo zonke iindawo zomlinganiselo kuwo wonke umphezulu weglasi. Imifanekiso emibini ngesekhondi yarekhodwa kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuvavanya. Uxinzelelo kwigumbi, elijikelezwe ngamapaneli adibeneyo, linyuswe ngendlela yomqhubi kwi-1000 Pa increments ukuya kwixabiso eliphezulu le-4000 Pa, ukwenzela ukuba inqanaba ngalinye lomthwalo ligcinwe imizuzwana eyi-10.
Ukusekwa ngokomzimba kovavanyo kwakhona kubonakaliswa yimodeli yamanani kunye nemilinganiselo yejometri efanayo. Kule nto, inkqubo yamanani i-Ansys Mechanical isetyenziswa. Isakhiwo esingundoqo sasiyi-geometric mesh sisebenzisa iSOLID 185 ielementi ezinehexagonal ezinamacala angama-20 mm kwiglasi kunye neSOLID 187 ielementi zetetrahedral ezinamacala ayi-3 mm. Ukwenza lula imodeli, kweli nqanaba lokufunda, kucingelwa apha ukuba i-acrylate esetyenzisiweyo ingqongqo kwaye incinci, kwaye ichazwa njengeqhina eliqinileyo phakathi kweglasi kunye nezinto eziphambili.
Iipaneli ezidibeneyo zigxininiswe kumgca ochanekileyo ngaphandle kwengundoqo, kwaye iphaneli yeglasi iphantsi komthwalo woxinzelelo lwe-surface ye-4000 Pa. Nangona i-geometric nonlinearities ithathelwe ingqalelo kwimodeli, kuphela imodeli yezinto eziphathekayo ezisetyenzisiweyo kule nqanaba. funda. Nangona oku kuyingqikelelo esebenzayo yempendulo yomgca we-elastic yeglasi (E = 70,000 MPa), ngokutsho kwiphepha ledatha lomenzi we (viscoelastic) i-polymeric core material [17], ukuqina komgca E = 8245 MPa isetyenziswe kwi. uhlalutyo lwangoku kufuneka luqwalaselwe ngokungqongqo kwaye luya kufundwa kuphando lwexesha elizayo.
Iziphumo ezithiwe thaca apha zivavanyelwa ikakhulu ukonakala kumthwalo womoya ukuya kuthi ga kwi-4000 Pa (= ˆ4kN/m2). Kule nto, imifanekiso ebhalwe ngendlela ye-DIC yafaniswa neziphumo zokulinganisa kwamanani (FEM) (umzobo 8, ngezantsi ngasekunene). Ngelixa i-strain epheleleyo ye-0 mm kunye nezixhaso "ezifanelekileyo" zomgca kwingingqi yomda (oko kukuthi, iperimitha yephaneli) ibalwa kwi-FEM, ukufuduswa kwendawo yommandla womgca kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa kuhlolwa i-DIC. Oku kubangelwa ukunyamezela kokufakela kunye nokuguqulwa kwesakhelo sovavanyo kunye nezitywina zalo. Ukuthelekisa, i-avareji yokufuduka kwindawo ephetheyo (i-dashed umgca omhlophe kwi-Fig. 8) ikhutshwe kwi-displacement ephezulu embindini wepaneli. Ukufuduswa okugqitywe yi-DIC kunye ne-FEA kuthelekiswa kwiTheyibhile 1 kwaye kuboniswe ngegraphic kwikona ephezulu ngasekhohlo ye-Fig.
Amanqanaba amane omthwalo osetyenzisiweyo womzekelo wokulinga asetyenziswe njengeendawo zokulawula ukuvavanya nokuvavanya kwi-FEM. Ukufuduka okuphezulu okuphakathi kwepleyiti edibeneyo kwimeko engalayishwanga kunqunywe yimilinganiselo ye-DIC kwinqanaba lomthwalo we-4000 Pa kwi-2.18 mm. Ngelixa i-FEA displacements kwimithwalo ephantsi (ukuya kwi-2000 Pa) isenokuthi ivelise ngokuchanekileyo amaxabiso okulinga, ukunyuka okungekho mgca kwi-strain kwimithwalo ephezulu ayinakubalwa ngokuchanekileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, uphononongo lubonise ukuba iiphaneli ezidibeneyo zinokumelana nemithwalo yomoya egqithisileyo. Ubunzima obuphezulu beepaneli ezikhanyayo buvelele ngokukodwa. Ukusebenzisa izibalo ezihlalutyayo ezisekelwe kwi-theory ye-linear ye-Kirchhoff plates [20], i-deformation ye-2.18 mm kwi-4000 Pa ihambelana nokuguqulwa kweplate yeglasi enye i-12 mm ubukhulu phantsi kweemeko zomda ofanayo. Ngenxa yoko, ubukhulu beglasi (obunamandla kakhulu kwimveliso) kule njongo yokudibanisa ingancitshiswa ibe yi-2 x 3mm yeglasi, okukhokelela ekugcinweni kwezinto ezingama-50%. Ukunciphisa ubunzima obupheleleyo bephaneli kunika izibonelelo ezongezelelweyo ngokubhekiselele kwindibano. Ngelixa iphaneli ehlanganisiweyo ye-30 kg inokuphathwa ngokulula ngabantu ababini, ipaneli yeglasi yesiqhelo eyi-50 kg ifuna inkxaso yobugcisa ukuze ihambe ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuze ubonise ngokuchanekileyo indlela yokuziphatha koomatshini, iimodeli zamanani ezineenkcukacha ezininzi ziya kufuneka kwizifundo ezizayo. Uhlalutyo lwento egqityiweyo lunokwandiswa ngakumbi ngeemodeli zemathiriyeli ezinabileyo ezingezizo iipolymers kunye nemodeli encamathelayo yebhondi.
Ukuphuhliswa nokuphuculwa kweenkqubo zedijithali kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwezoqoqosho kunye nokusingqongileyo kushishino lokwakha. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kweglasi encinci kwiifaçades kuthembisa amandla kunye nokugcinwa kwemithombo kwaye kuvula amathuba amatsha okwakha. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yobunzima obuncinci beglasi, izisombululo ezintsha zoyilo ziyafuneka ukuqinisa ngokwaneleyo iglasi. Ke ngoko, uphononongo olunikezelwe kweli nqaku luphonononga ingqikelelo yeepaneli ezidityanisiweyo ezenziwe kwiglasi encinci kunye ne-bonding eqinisiweyo ye-3D eprintiweyo yezakhiwo zepolymer. Yonke inkqubo yemveliso ukusuka kuyilo ukuya kwimveliso iye yafakwa kwidijithali kwaye izenzekelayo. Ngoncedo lweGrasshopper, ifayile-ye-factory workflow yaphuhliswa ukwenzela ukuba kusetyenziswe iipaneli zeglasi ezincinci ezidibeneyo kwiifaçades ezizayo.
Ukuveliswa kweprototype yokuqala kubonise ukuba nokwenzeka kunye nemingeni yokwenziwa kwerobhothi. Ngelixa imveliso eyongezelelweyo kunye neyokuthabathayo sele idityaniswe kakuhle, ukusetyenziswa kwe-adhesive ezenzekelayo kunye nendibano ngokukodwa kubonisa imingeni eyongezelelweyo ekufuneka iqwalaselwe kuphando lwexesha elizayo. Ngovavanyo lwangaphambili lomatshini kunye nemodeli yophando ehambelana nesiphelo, kubonisiwe ukuba iiphaneli ezikhaphukhaphu kunye nezicekethekileyo zefiberglass zibonelela ngokuqina okwaneleyo kokugoba kwizicelo ezicetywayo ze-facade, naphantsi kweemeko zomthwalo womoya. Uphando oluqhubekayo lwababhali luza kuphonononga ngakumbi ukubanakho kweephaneli ezenziwe ngedijithali ezenziwe ngeglasi ezicekethekileyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-facade kwaye zibonise ukusebenza kwazo.
Ababhali bangathanda ukubulela bonke abaxhasi abanxulumene nalo msebenzi wophando. Ndiyabulela kwiprogram yenkxaso-mali ye-EFRE SAB exhaswa ngemali kwiimali ze-European Union ngendlela yesibonelelo No. 100537005. Ukongeza, i-AiF-ZIM yaqatshelwa ngenkxaso-mali yeprojekthi yophando ye-Glasfur3D (inombolo yesibonelelo ZF4123725WZ9) ngokubambisana neGlaswerkstätten Glas Ahne, enika inkxaso ebalulekileyo kulo msebenzi wophando. Ekugqibeleni, iFriedrich Siemens Laboratory kunye nabasebenzisana nabo, ngokukodwa uFelix Hegewald kunye nomncedisi wabafundi uJonathan Holzerr, bavuma ukuxhaswa kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nokuphunyezwa kokwenziwa kunye nokuvavanya ngokomzimba okwakhiwa isiseko solu xwebhu.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-04-2023