Ibanjwa uJohn Marion Grant waxhuzula waza wagabha xa wayedutyulwa.Inkundla ikwavule indlela yokuba agwetywe kwakhona kwinyanga ezayo.
WASHINGTON – NgoLwesine, iNkundla ePhakamileyo ikurhoxisile ukunqunyanyiswa kweNkundla yoMdibaniso yezibheno ekugwetyweni kwamabanjwa amabini agwetyelwe ukufa e-Oklahoma, ivula indlela yokuba aba bantu babulawe ngesitofu esibulalayo.
Omnye wabo, uJohn Marion Grant, wafunyanwa enetyala lokubulala umsebenzi wasentolongweni wokutya ngo-1998 kwaye wagwetyelwa kwiiyure ezimbalwa emva kwesigwebo seNkundla ePhakamileyo ngoLwesine.
Ngokutsho kweAssociated Press, njengezinye izenzo zokubulawa kwabantu kweli lizwe, ngeli xesha—okokuqala kwiminyaka emithandathu—ayihambi kakuhle.UMnu. Grant wayebotshelelwe kwigurney, waxhuzula waza wagabha ngelixa ethatha ikhemikhali yokuqala (ethomalalisayo).Kwimizuzu embalwa emva koko, amalungu eqela labadubulileyo amosula umganzo ebusweni nasentanyeni.
Isebe Lezoluleko laseOklahoma lathi ukubulawa kwabantu kwenziwa ngokuvisisana nesivumelwano, “ngaphandle kwengxaki.”
UMnu. Grant kunye nelinye ibanjwa, uJulius Jones, baphikisa ngelithi inkqubo karhulumente yokutofa ngenaliti ebulalayo esebenzisa imichiza emithathu inokubabangela iintlungu eziqatha.
Kwakhona bawukhaba ngawo omane umgaqo owawubekwe yijaji ngezizathu zonqulo zokuba bakhethe phakathi kweendlela ezizezinye ezicetywayo, besithi ukwenjenjalo kuya kufana nokuzibulala.
Ngokwenkqubo yenkundla, umyalelo wayo omfutshane awukhange unike naziphi na izizathu.Amalungu amathathu angakumbi enkululeko yenkundla - uStephen G. Breyer, uJustice Sonia Sotomayor, kunye noJustice Elena Kagan - abavumelani kwaye abazange banike izizathu.UJaji uNeil M. Gorsuch akazange abandakanyeke kweli tyala, mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba waqwalasela inkalo enye yalo xa wayeyijaji yeNkundla Yezibheno Yesizwe.
Umnumzana Jones wafunyanwa enetyala lokubulala indoda phambi kodade wabo kunye nentombi yakhe ngexesha lokuhlutha imoto ngo-1999 kwaye uza kubulawa ngomhla we-18 kaNovemba.
INkundla Ephakamileyo ibisoloko iwuthandabuza ucelomngeni lwenkqubo yokutofa ngokubulala yaye ifuna amabanjwa angqine ukuba aya kuba “kumngcipheko omkhulu weentlungu eziqatha.”Amabanjwa acela umngeni kwisivumelwano kufuneka kananjalo acebise ezinye iindlela.
Eshwankathela izigqibo zangaphambili ngo-2019, uJaji Gorsuch wabhala: “Amabanjwa kufuneka abonise enye indlela esebenzayo nekulula ukuyiphumeza eya kuthi iwunciphise kakhulu umngcipheko weentlungu eziqatha, kwaye urhulumente akanasizathu sokohlwaya.Yala ukusebenzisa le ndlela phantsi kweemeko. ”
Amabanjwa amabini acebisa iindlela ezine ezizezinye, kodwa ala ukukhetha phakathi kwazo ngezizathu zonqulo.Oku kusilela kwakhokelela uMgwebi uStephen P. Friothi weNkundla yeSithili saseOklahoma ukuba abashenxise kwisimangalo esasifakwe ngamabanjwa aliqela awayesichasa eso sivumelwano.
Iphaneli yabagwebi abathathu kwiNkundla yeSibheno yase-US kwiSekethe ye-10 yavuma ukurhoxiswa kwezigwebo zentambo kuMnu Grant noMnu Jones, besithi akukho mfuneko yokuba "bakhangele ibhokisi" ukuze bakhethe indlela yabo yokufa. .
“Asikhange sifumane naziphi na iimfuno ezithe ngqo kumthetho wetyala ofanelekileyo wokuba ibanjwa lichaze indlela yokubulawa esetyenziswa kwityala lakhe ngokuthi ‘tick a box’, xa ibanjwa lifumanise kwisikhalazo salo ukuba iinketho ezinikiweyo ziyafana ncam nezo. kubonelelwe.Enye indlela kukwenza,” uninzi lwabantu lubhale ngokungatyikitywanga.
Yaqala isiqingatha sonyaka.INkundla ePhakamileyo, ngoku elawulwa ziijaji ezintandathu ezimiselwe yiRiphabhlikhi, ibuyele kwiijaji nge-4 ka-Oktobha yaza yaqalisa ixesha elibalulekileyo xa iza kucinga ngokubhangisa ilungelo lomgaqo-siseko lokuqhomfa nokwandisa kakhulu amalungelo ompu.
Ityala elikhulu lokuqhomfa.Inkundla ikulungele ukucela umngeni kumthetho kaMississippi owalela ukuqhomfa okuninzi emva kweeveki ezili-15, ukuze kujongelwe phantsi kwaye mhlawumbi kubhukuqwe ityala lika-1973 Roe v. Wade elaseka ilungelo lomgaqo-siseko lokuqhomfa.Esi sigwebo sinokuwaphelisa ngokufanelekileyo amathuba okuqhomfa ngokusemthethweni kubantu abahlala kwiindawo ezininzi eziseMazantsi naseMbindi-ntshona.
Izigqibo eziphambili malunga nemipu.Inkundla iya kuqwalasela nokuvumelana nomgaqo-siseko womthetho ekudala ukho waseNew York obekela imiqathango ngokungqongqo ukuphatha imipu ngaphandle kwekhaya.Ngaphezu kweminyaka elishumi, inkundla ayizange ikhuphe isigqibo esibalulekileyo soLungiso lweSibini.
Uvavanyo lweJaji eyiNtloko uRoberts.Le fayile yecala enzima kakhulu iya kuvavanya ubunkokheli beJaji eyiNtloko uJohn G. Roberts Jr., ophulukene nesikhundla sakhe njengeziko leengcamango zenkundla emva kokufika kukaJustice Amy Connie Barrett ukuwa kokugqibela.
Izinga lenkxaso yoluntu lehlile.UJaji oyiNtloko uRoberts ngoku ukhokela inkundla eya isiba necala.Uphando lwakutsha nje lwezimvo zoluntu lubonisa ukuba emva kothotho lwezigqibo zasebusuku ezingaqhelekanga kwizityholo zezopolitiko, izinga lenkxaso yoluntu lehle kakhulu.
Kwesi sichaso, iJaji uTimothy M. Tymkovich ubhale ukuba amabanjwa afanele enze okungakumbi kunokuchaza nje amagama “anemiqathango, acingelwayo okanye angaqondakaliyo.”Labhala lathi ibanjwa kufuneka “likhethe enye indlela elinokusetyenziswa kwimeko yalo.”
IGqwetha Lezomthetho laseOklahoma uJohn M. O’Connor wasibiza isigqibo senkundla yezibheno “njengempazamo enkulu.”Ufake isicelo esingxamisekileyo ecela iNkundla ePhakamileyo ukuba ikurhoxise oko kunqunyanyiswa.
Ekuchaseni isicelo, igqwetha lebanjwa libhale ukuba uJaji uFreet wenze umahluko ongafanelekanga phakathi kwamabanjwa azimiseleyo ukukhetha enye indlela yokugwetyelwa kunye namabanjwa awayengafuni ukukhetha.
Kwi-2014, uClayton D. Lockett wabonakala encwina kwaye enzima ngexesha le-43-minute yokubulawa.Ugqirha wagqiba kwelokuba uMnu. Lockett akazange alaliswe ngokupheleleyo.
Ngo-2015, uCharles F. Warner wabulawa imizuzu eyi-18, apho amagosa asebenzisa iyeza elingafanelekanga ukumisa intliziyo yakhe ngempazamo.Ngasekupheleni kwaloo nyaka, emva kokuba umthengisi weyeza elibulalayo e-Oklahoma ethumele iyeza elingelilo kumagosa entolongo, wacel’ umngeni iNkundla Ephakamileyo kwiNkundla Ephakamileyo, uRichard E. Ge, ngokungqinelana nomgaqo-siseko wesivumelwano sokutofela ukufa saseOklahoma.URichard E. Glossip wanqunyanyiswa ukuba abulawe.
Kwinyanga ezayo, iNkundla ePhakamileyo iya kuva ingxabano malunga nesicelo sebanjwa laseTexas sokuba umfundisi wakhe akwazi ukuqhagamshelana naye kuluhlu lokufa aze athandaze ngokuvakalayo kunye naye.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-31-2021